A list of common BIOS interrupts can be found below. Note that some BIOSes
(particularly old ones) will not support all of these interrupts.
Interrupt vector
Description
00h
|
CPU: Executed after an attempt to divide by zero or when the quotient does
not fit in the destination |
01h
|
CPU: Executed after every instruction while the trace flag is set |
02h
|
CPU: NMI
, used e.g. by POST
for memory
errors |
03h
|
CPU: The lowest non-reserved interrupt, it is used exclusively for
debugging, and the INT
03
handler is always implemented by a debugging program |
04h
|
CPU: Numeric Overflow. Usually caused by the INTO
instruction when the
overflow flag is set. |
05h
|
Executed when Shift-Print
screen
is pressed, as well as when the BOUND
instruction detects a
bound failure. |
06h
|
CPU: Called when the Undefined Opcode (invalid instruction) exception
occurs. Usually installed by the operating system. |
07h
|
CPU: Called when an attempt was made to execute a floating-point instruction
and no numeric coprocessor was available. |
08h
|
IRQ0: Implemented by the system timing component; called 18.2 times per
second (once every 55 ms) by the PIC
|
09h
|
IRQ1: Called after every key press and release (as well as during the time
when a key is being held) |
0Bh
|
IRQ3: Called by serial
ports
2 and 4 (COM2/4) when in need of attention |
0Ch
|
IRQ4: Called by serial ports 1 and 3 (COM1/3) when in need of
attention |
0Dh
|
IRQ5: Called by hard disk controller (PC/XT) or 2nd parallel port
LPT2 (AT) when in need of
attention |
0Eh
|
IRQ6: Called by floppy disk controller
when in need of
attention |
0Fh
|
IRQ7: Called by 1st parallel port LPT1 (printer) when in need of
attention |
10h
|
Video Services - installed by the BIOS or operating system; called by
software programs
AH
Description
00h
|
Set Video Mode |
01h
|
Set Cursor Shape |
02h
|
Set Cursor Position |
03h
|
Get Cursor Position And Shape |
04h
|
Get Light Pen Position |
05h
|
Set Display Page |
06h
|
Clear/Scroll Screen Up |
07h
|
Clear/Scroll Screen Down |
08h
|
Read Character and Attribute at Cursor |
09h
|
Write Character and Attribute at Cursor |
0Ah
|
Write Character at Cursor |
0Bh
|
Set Border Color |
0Eh
|
Write Character in TTY Mode |
0Fh
|
Get Video Mode |
13h
|
Write String |
|
11h
|
Installed by the BIOS; returns equipment list |
12h
|
Installed by the BIOS or operating system; returns Conventional Memory
Size |
13h
|
Low Level Disk Services; installed by the BIOS or operating system; called
by software programs
AH
Description
00h
|
Reset Disk Drives |
01h
|
Check Drive Status |
02h
|
Read Sectors From Drive |
03h
|
Write Sectors To Drive |
04h
|
Verify Sectors On Drive |
05h
|
Format Track On Drive |
08h
|
Get Drive Parameters |
09h
|
Init Fixed Drive Parameters |
0Ch
|
Seek To Specified Track |
0Dh
|
Reset Fixed Disk Controller |
15h
|
Get Drive Type |
16h
|
Get Floppy Drive Media Change Status |
|
14h
|
Routines for communicating via the serial port. Used by software programs.
AH
Description
00h
|
Serial Port Initialization |
01h
|
Transmit Character |
02h
|
Receive Character |
03h
|
Status |
|
15h
|
Miscellaneous (System services support routines)
AH
AL
AX
Description
4Fh
|
|
|
Keyboard Intercept |
83h
|
|
|
Event Wait |
84h
|
|
|
Read Joystick |
85h
|
|
|
Sysreq Key Callout |
86h
|
|
|
Wait |
87h
|
|
|
Move Block |
88h
|
|
|
Get Extended Memory Size |
C0h
|
|
|
Get System Parameters |
C1h
|
|
|
Get Extended BIOS Data Area Segment |
C2h
|
|
|
Pointing Device Functions |
E8h
|
01h
|
E801h
|
Get Extended Memory Size(Newer function, since 1994). Gives results for
memory size above 64 Mb. |
E8h
|
20h
|
E820h
|
Query System Address Map. The information returned from e820
supersedes what is returned from the older
AX=E801h
and AH=88h
interfaces. |
|
16h
|
Implemented by the BIOS or operating system. Provides routines to be called
by software programs which communicate with the keyboard.
AH
Description
00h
|
Read Character |
01h
|
Read Input Status |
02h
|
Read Keyboard Shift Status |
10h
|
Read Character Extended |
11h
|
Read Input Status Extended |
12h
|
Read Keyboard Shift Status Extended |
|
17h
|
Print Services - used by software programs to communicate with the printer
AH
Description
00h
|
Print Character to Printer |
01h
|
Initialize Printer |
02h
|
Check Printer Status |
|
18h
|
Execute Cassette BASIC: True IBM computers contain BASIC in the ROM to be
interpreted and executed by this routine in the event of a boot failure (called
by the BIOS) |
19h
|
After POST this interrupt is used by BIOS to load the operating
system. |
1Ah
|
Real Time Clock Services - called by software programs to communicate with
the RTC
AH
Description
00h
|
Read RTC |
01h
|
Set RTC |
02h
|
Read RTC Time |
03h
|
Set RTC Time |
04h
|
Read RTC Date |
05h
|
Set RTC Date |
06h
|
Set RTC
Alarm
|
07h
|
Reset RTC Alarm |
|
1Bh
|
Installed by the operating system; automatically called by INT 9
when Ctrl-Break
has been pressed |
1Ch
|
Called automatically by INT
08
; available for use by software programs when a routine needs
to be executed regularly |
1Dh
|
Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VPT (Video Parameter Table), which
contains data on video modes |
1Eh
|
Not to be called; simply a pointer to the DPT (Diskette Parameter Table),
containing a variety of information concerning the diskette drives |
1Fh
|
Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VGCT (Video Graphics Character
Table), which contains the data for ASCII characters 80h
to FFh
|
41h
|
Address pointer: FDPT = Fixed Disk Parameter Table (1st hard
drive) |
46h
|
Address pointer: FDPT = Fixed Disk Parameter Table (2nd hard
drive) |
4Ah
|
Called by RTC for alarm |
70h
|
IRQ8: Called by RTC |
74h
|
IRQ12: Called by mouse |
75h
|
IRQ13: Called by math coprocessor |
76h
|
IRQ14: Called by primary IDE controller |
77h
|
IRQ15: Called by secondary IDE controller |
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