自从70年代起,Vi一直是程序员最好的伙伴之一,无论你是Vi新手或者是老手,下面分类给出了100个有用的Vi命令,相信会对你有所帮助。
Basics
:e filename |
Open filename for edition |
:w |
Save file |
:q |
Exit Vim |
:w! |
Exit Vim without saving |
Search
/word |
Search word from top to bottom |
?word |
Search word from bottom to top |
/jo[ha]n |
Search john or joan
|
/\< the |
Search the, theatre or then
|
/the\> |
Search the or breathe
|
/\< the\> |
Search the
|
/\< ¦.\> |
Search all words of 4 letters |
/\/ |
Search fred but not alfred or frederick
|
/fred\|joe |
Search fred or joe
|
/\<\d\d\d\d\> |
Search exactly 4 digits |
/^\n\{3} |
Find 3 empty lines |
:bufdo /searchstr/ |
Search in all open files |
Replace
:%s/old/new/g |
Replace all occurences of old by new in file |
:%s/old/new/gw |
Replace all occurences with confirmation |
:2,35s/old/new/g |
Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 |
:5,$s/old/new/g |
Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF |
:%s/^/hello/g |
Replace the begining of each line by hello
|
:%s/$/Harry/g |
Replace the end of each line by Harry
|
:%s/onward/forward/gi |
Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
:%s/ *$//g |
Delete all white spaces |
:g/string/d |
Delete all lines containing string
|
:v/string/d |
Delete all lines containing which didn’t containstring
|
:s/Bill/Steve/ |
Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line |
:s/Bill/Steve/g |
Replace Bill by Steve in current line |
:%s/Bill/Steve/g |
Replace Bill by Steve in all the file |
:%s/\r//g |
Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) |
:%s/\r/\r/g |
Transform DOS carriage returns in returns |
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g |
Delete HTML tags but keeps text |
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ |
Delete lines which appears twice |
Ctrl+a |
Increment number under the cursor |
Ctrl+x |
Decrement number under cursor |
ggVGg? |
Change text to Rot13 |
Case
Vu |
Lowercase line |
VU |
Uppercase line |
g~~ |
Invert case |
vEU |
Switch word to uppercase |
vE~ |
Modify word case |
ggguG |
Set all text to lowercase |
:set ignorecase |
Ignore case in searches |
:set smartcase |
Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used |
:%s/\<./\u&/g |
Sets first letter of each word to uppercase |
:%s/\<./\l&/g |
Sets first letter of each word to lowercase |
:%s/.*/\u& |
Sets first letter of each line to uppercase |
:%s/.*/\l& |
Sets first letter of each line to lowercase |
Read/Write files
:1,10 w outfile |
Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile
|
:1,10 w >> outfile |
Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
|
:r infile |
Insert the content of infile
|
:23r infile |
Insert the content of infile under line 23 |
File explorer
:e . |
Open integrated file explorer |
:Sex |
Split window and open integrated file explorer |
:browse e |
Graphical file explorer |
:ls |
List buffers |
:cd .. |
Move to parent directory |
:args |
List files |
:args *.php |
Open file list |
:grep expression *.php |
Returns a list of .php files contening expression
|
gf |
Open file name under cursor |
Interact with Unix
:!pwd |
Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi |
!!pwd |
Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file |
:sh |
Temporary returns to Unix |
$exit |
Retourns to Vi |
Alignment
:%!fmt |
Align all lines |
!}fmt |
Align all lines at the current position |
5!!fmt |
Align the next 5 lines |
Tabs
:tabnew |
Creates a new tab |
gt |
Show next tab |
:tabfirst |
Show first tab |
:tablast |
Show last tab |
:tabm n(position) |
Rearrange tabs |
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g |
Execute a command in all tabs |
:tab ball |
Puts all open files in tabs |
Window spliting
:e filename |
Edit filename in current window |
:split filename |
Split the window and open filename
|
ctrl-w up arrow |
Puts cursor in top window |
ctrl-w ctrl-w |
Puts cursor in next window |
ctrl-w_ |
Maximise current window |
ctrl-w= |
Gives the same size to all windows |
10 ctrl-w+ |
Add 10 lines to current window |
:vsplit file |
Split window vertically |
:sview file |
Same as :split in readonly mode |
:hide |
Close current window |
: nly |
Close all windows, excepted current |
:b 2 |
Open #2 in this window |
Auto-completion
Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) |
Complete word |
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l |
Complete line |
:set dictionary=dict |
Define dict as a dictionnary |
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k |
Complete with dictionnary |
Marks
mk |
Marks current position as k
|
˜k |
Moves cursor to mark k
|
d™k |
Delete all until mark k
|
Abbreviations
:ab mail mail@provider.org |
Define mail as abbreviation ofmail@provider.org
|
Text indent
:set autoindent |
Turn on auto-indent |
:set smartindent |
Turn on intelligent auto-indent |
:set shiftwidth=4 |
Defines 4 spaces as indent size |
ctrl-t, ctrl-d |
Indent/un-indent in insert mode |
>> |
Indent |
<< |
Un-indent |
Syntax highlighting
:syntax on |
Turn on syntax highlighting |
:syntax off |
Turn off syntax highlighting |
:set syntax=perl |
Force syntax highlighting |
出自:BugZone - http://www.pulog.org/Resources/2290/vim-cmd/
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