一.测试拓扑:
备注：因为51cto会屏蔽VPN关键字，所以把51cto原创的一些博文移到这边。
二.测试目的：
A.理解DMVPN的阶段二和阶段三
B.验证两种方式穿越PAT的不同
三.基本配置：
A.Hub:
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 202.100.1.100 255.255.255.0
no shut
B.Branch1:
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 202.100.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.0
no shut
C.Branch2:
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 202.100.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.0
no shut
D:Spoke1:
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.10
E:Spoke2:
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.10
三.动态PAT配置：
A.PAT配置：
ip access-list extended pat
permit ip any any
int f0/0
ip nat outside
int f0/1
ip nat inside
ip nat inside source list pat interface f0/0 overload
B.测试：
Spoke1#ping 202.100.1.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 202.100.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/89/152 ms
Spoke2#ping 202.100.1.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 202.100.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/119/280 ms
四.DMVPN阶段二配置：
A.mGRE和NHRP配置：
①.Hub：
interface Tunnel0
ip address 172.16.1.100 255.255.255.0
tunnel source FastEthernet0/0
tunnel mode gre multipoint
tunnel key 12345
ip nhrp network-id 10
ip nhrp authentication cisco
ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
②.Spoke1：
interface Tunnel0
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
tunnel source FastEthernet0/0
tunnel mode gre multipoint
tunnel key 12345
ip nhrp network-id 10
ip nhrp authentication cisco
ip nhrp map 172.16.1.100 202.100.1.100
ip nhrp map multicast 202.100.1.100
ip nhrp nhs 172.16.1.100
③.Spoke2：
interface Tunnel0
ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
tunnel source FastEthernet0/0
tunnel mode gre multipoint
tunnel key 12345
ip nhrp network-id 10
ip nhrp authentication cisco
ip nhrp map 172.16.1.100 202.100.1.100
ip nhrp map multicast 202.100.1.100
ip nhrp nhs 172.16.1.100
B.验证NHRP注册：
①Hub#show ip nhrp
172.16.1.1/32 via 172.16.1.1, Tunnel0 created 00:03:34, expire 01:56:25
Type: dynamic, Flags: unique registered
NBMA address: 202.100.1.1
(Claimed NBMA address: 10.1.1.1)
172.16.1.2/32 via 172.16.1.2, Tunnel0 created 00:00:46, expire 01:59:13
Type: dynamic, Flags: unique registered
NBMA address: 202.100.1.2
(Claimed NBMA address: 10.1.1.1)
②Spoke1#show ip nhrp
172.16.1.100/32 via 172.16.1.100, Tunnel0 created 00:04:16, never expire
Type: static, Flags: used
NBMA address: 202.100.1.100
③Spoke2#show ip nhrp
172.16.1.100/32 via 172.16.1.100, Tunnel0 created 00:02:11, never expire
Type: static, Flags: used
NBMA address: 202.100.1.100
C.验证mGRE：
①Spoke1#ping 172.16.1.100 source 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.1.1
!!!!!
②Spoke2#ping 172.16.1.100 source 172.16.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.1.2
!!!!!
③Spoke1#ping 172.16.1.2 source 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 172.16.1.1
!!!!!
Spoke1#show ip nhrp
172.16.1.1/32 via 172.16.1.1, Tunnel0 created 00:00:04, expire 01:59:55
Type: dynamic, Flags: router unique local
NBMA address: 10.1.1.1
(no-socket)
172.16.1.2/32 via 172.16.1.2, Tunnel0 created 00:00:05, expire 01:59:56
Type: dynamic, Flags: router
NBMA address: 202.100.1.2
(Claimed NBMA address: 10.1.1.1)
172.16.1.100/32 via 172.16.1.100, Tunnel0 created 00:07:54, never expire
Type: static, Flags: used
NBMA address: 202.100.1.100
Spoke2#show ip nhrp
172.16.1.1/32 via 172.16.1.1, Tunnel0 created 00:01:04, expire 01:58:54
Type: dynamic, Flags: router
NBMA address: 202.100.1.1
(Claimed NBMA address: 10.1.1.1)
172.16.1.2/32 via 172.16.1.2, Tunnel0 created 00:01:04, expire 01:58:57
Type: dynamic, Flags: router unique local
NBMA address: 10.1.1.1
(no-socket)
172.16.1.100/32 via 172.16.1.100, Tunnel0 created 00:06:25, never expire
Type: static, Flags: used
NBMA address: 202.100.1.10
D.动态路由配置及优化：
①Hub：
router eigrp 100
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.100.0
no auto-summary
int tun 0
no ip next-hop-self eigrp 100
no ip split-horizon eigrp 100
②Spoke1:
router eigrp 100
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.1.0
no auto-summary
③Spoke2:
router eigrp 100
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.2.0
no auto-summary
④验证：
Hub#show ip route eigrp
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/297372416] via 172.16.1.1, 00:01:39, Tunnel0
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/297372416] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:10, Tunnel0
Spoke1#show ip route eigrp
D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/310172416] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:52, Tunnel0
D 192.168.100.0/24 [90/297372416] via 172.16.1.100, 00:02:27, Tunnel0
Spoke2#show ip route eigrp
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/310172416] via 172.16.1.1, 00:01:25, Tunnel0
D 192.168.100.0/24 [90/297372416] via 172.16.1.100, 00:01:25, Tunnel0
E.IPSEC 配置：
①配置：
crypto isakmp policy 10
authentication pre-share
crypto isakmp key cisco address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
crypto ipsec transform-set transet esp-des esp-md5-hmac
mode transport
crypto ipsec profile ipsecprofile
set transform-set transet
int tun 0
ip mtu 1400
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsecprofile
②验证：
Hub#show crypto engine conn active
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
1 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 17 202.100.1.100
2 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 20 0 202.100.1.100
3 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 17 202.100.1.100
4 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 18 0 202.100.1.100
1001 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 202.100.1.100
1002 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 202.100.1.100
Spoke1#show crypto engine connections active
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
1 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 25 10.1.1.1
2 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 22 0 10.1.1.1
1001 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke2#show crypto engine conn active
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
1 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 29 10.1.1.1
2 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 28 0 10.1.1.1
1001 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
-----------spoke之间没有加密流量----------------------------------
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1 repeat 100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 188/253/520 ms
Spoke1#show crypto engine connections active
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
1 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 154 10.1.1.1
2 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 150 0 10.1.1.1
1001 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
-----------spoke之间仍然没有加密流量，都走的是hub做中转-----------------
四.DMVPN阶段三配置：
主要配置与阶段二相同，主要不同点:
①NHRP优化：
HUB:
int tun 0
ip nhrp redirect
Spoke：
int tun 0
ip nhrp shortcut
②hub发布汇总路由，取消印制水平分割和下一跳：
HUB:
int tun 0
ip summary-address eigrp 100 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
ip split-horizon eigrp 100
ip next-hop-self eigrp 100
③验证路由汇总：
Spoke1#show ip route eigrp
D 192.168.0.0/16 [90/297372416] via 172.16.1.100, 00:00:47, Tunnel0
Spoke2#show ip route eigrp
D 192.168.0.0/16 [90/297372416] via 172.16.1.100, 00:01:08, Tunnel0
④isakmp sa验证：
Hub#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 202.100.1.1 QM_IDLE 1007 0 ACTIVE
202.100.1.100 202.100.1.2 QM_IDLE 1008 0 ACTIVE
Spoke1#show crypto is
Spoke1#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1004 0 ACTIVE
Spoke2#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1004 0 ACTIVE
------------spoke之间没有建立isakmp sa--------------------------
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1 repeat 100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 180/252/552 ms
Spoke1#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.2 10.1.1.1 MM_NO_STATE 0 0 ACTIVE (deleted)
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1004 0 ACTIVE
Spoke2#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1004 0 ACTIVE
202.100.1.1 10.1.1.1 MM_NO_STATE 0 0 ACTIVE
------------spoke之间main mode没有协商成功-----------------------
④Branch1更改动态PAT为静态PAT:
Branch1：
ip nat inside source list pat interface FastEthernet0/0 overload
ip nat inside source static udp 10.1.1.1 500 interface FastEthernet0/0 500
ip nat inside source static udp 10.1.1.1 4500 interface FastEthernet0/0 4500
关闭所有tunnel接口，并重新开启，由spoke1作为发起方：
发起之前：
Spoke1#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 0 0 ACTIVE
发起流量：
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!!!
Spoke1#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.2 10.1.1.1 MM_NO_STATE 0 0 ACTIVE
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1009 0 ACTIVE
10.1.1.1 202.100.1.2 QM_IDLE 1010 0 ACTIV
Spoke1#show crypto engine conn active
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
15 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 43 10.1.1.1
16 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 42 0 10.1.1.1
17 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 2 10.1.1.1
18 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 1 0 10.1.1.1
1009 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
1010 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1 repeat 100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/191/260 ms
Spoke1#show crypto engine conn active
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
15 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 54 10.1.1.1
16 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 53 0 10.1.1.1
17 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 102 10.1.1.1
18 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 101 0 10.1.1.1
1009 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
1010 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke2#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: Tunnel0
Crypto map tag: Tunnel0-head-0, local addr 10.1.1.1
protected vrf: (none)
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (202.100.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
current_peer 202.100.1.1 port 4500
PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
#pkts encaps: 102, #pkts encrypt: 102, #pkts digest: 102
#pkts decaps: 101, #pkts decrypt: 101, #pkts verify: 101
---------前面的几个包有中心代转，后面是spoke之间直接通讯-----------
关闭所有tunnel接口，并重新开启，由spoke2作为发起方：
发起之前：
Spoke2#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1010 0 ACTIVE
发起流量：
Spoke2#ping 192.168.1.1 sou
Spoke2#ping 192.168.1.1 source 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.2.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 204/368/464 ms
Spoke2#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1010 0 ACTIVE
202.100.1.1 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1011 0 ACTIVE
Spoke2#show crypto engine conn act
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
19 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 56 10.1.1.1
20 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 58 0 10.1.1.1
21 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 1 10.1.1.1
22 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 1 0 10.1.1.1
1010 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
1011 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke2#show crypto engine conn act
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
19 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 65 10.1.1.1
20 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 67 0 10.1.1.1
21 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 101 10.1.1.1
22 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 101 0 10.1.1.1
1010 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
1011 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke2#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: Tunnel0
Crypto map tag: Tunnel0-head-0, local addr 10.1.1.1
protected vrf: (none)
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (202.100.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
current_peer 202.100.1.1 port 4500
PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
#pkts encaps: 101, #pkts encrypt: 101, #pkts digest: 101
#pkts decaps: 101, #pkts decrypt: 101, #pkts verify: 101
---------前面的几个包有中心代转，后面是spoke之间直接通讯-----------
⑤保留静态PAT,恢复成阶段二进行测试：
Spoke1#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1013 0 ACTIVE
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!.!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 180/421/624 ms
抓包看到有spoke2首先发起IPSEC连接：
Spoke1#show crypto isakmp sa
IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
202.100.1.2 10.1.1.1 MM_NO_STATE 0 0 ACTIVE
202.100.1.100 10.1.1.1 QM_IDLE 1013 0 ACTIVE
10.1.1.1 202.100.1.2 QM_IDLE 1014 0 ACTIVE
Spoke1#show crypto engine conn act
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
23 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 48 10.1.1.1
24 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 45 0 10.1.1.1
25 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 3 10.1.1.1
26 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 2 0 10.1.1.1
1013 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
1014 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1 repeat 100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 192.168.1.1
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (100/100), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/194/276 ms
Spoke1#ping 192.168.2.1 source 192.168.1.1 repeat 100
Spoke1#show crypto engine conn act
Crypto Engine Connections
ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address
23 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 62 10.1.1.1
24 Tu0 IPsec DES+MD5 59 0 10.1.1.1
25 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 0 103 10.1.1.1
26 Fa0/0 IPsec DES+MD5 102 0 10.1.1.1
1013 Tu0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
1014 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 10.1.1.1
Spoke1#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: Tunnel0
Crypto map tag: Tunnel0-head-0, local addr 10.1.1.1
protected vrf: (none)
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (202.100.1.2/255.255.255.255/47/0)
current_peer 202.100.1.2 port 4500
PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
#pkts encaps: 102, #pkts encrypt: 102, #pkts digest: 102
#pkts decaps: 103, #pkts decrypt: 103, #pkts verify: 103
五.总结：
A.当spoke都位于动态PAT设备后面，spoke之间的通讯流量都由中心代转
B.当某个spoke位于静态PAT设备后面，它能跟其他动态PAT后面的spoke直接通讯，而不管发起发是哪个
C.以上对DMVPN第二阶段和第三阶段都适用
D.测试的IOS为：
Cisco IOS Software, 3700 Software (C3725-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 12.4(15)T14, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
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分析目前校园网络存在的问题，以某高校的校园网建设为研究对象，通过整合校园网络资源，提出一种基于私有云计算的信息交互模型，该模型包含用户层、服务层和资源层，采用该模型可以满足用户随时随地通过...