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安装Nginx

阅读更多

参考：http://www.jsprun.net/thread-16889-1-1.html

http://jayghost.iteye.com/blog/1465411

 

1、上传nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz至/usr/local 

 

2、执行如下命令解压nginx：

#cd /usr/local

#tar zxvf  nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz

 

3、编译安装nginx

#cd nginx-0.7.63

#./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module  #启动server状态页和https模块

执行完后会提示一个错误，说缺少PCRE library 这个是HTTP Rewrite 模块，也即是url静态化的包

可上传pcre-7.9.tar.gz，输入如下命令安装：

#tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz

#cd pcre-7.9

#./configure

#make

#make install

安装pcre成功后，继续安装nginx

如果安装不上pcre，可用sudo apt-get install libpcre++-dev libpcre++0 安装pcre。

#cd nginx-0.7.63

#./configure

#make

#make install

 

4、nginx安装成功后的安装目录为/usr/local/nginx

在conf文件夹中新建proxy.conf，用于配置一些代理参数，内容如下：

#!nginx (-) 

# proxy.conf 

proxy_redirect          off;

proxy_set_header        Host $host;

proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  #获取真实ip

#proxy_set_header       X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #获取代理者的真实ip

client_body_buffer_size 128k;

proxy_connect_timeout   90;

proxy_send_timeout      90;

proxy_read_timeout      90;

proxy_buffer_size       4k;

proxy_buffers           4 32k;

proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;

proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

编辑安装目录下conf文件夹中的nginx.conf，输入如下内容
#运行nginx所在的用户名和用户组
#user  www www; 
#启动进程数
worker_processes 8;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
#设定http服务器，利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http
{
  #设定mime类型
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy.conf;
  #charset  gb2312;
  #设定请求缓冲    
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;

#  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
#  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
#  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
#  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
#  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
#  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
#  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

#  gzip on;
#  gzip_min_length  1k;
#  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
#  gzip_http_version 1.0;
#  gzip_comp_level 2;
#  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
#  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
 ###禁止通过ip访问站点
  server{
        server_name _;
        return 404;
        }
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    index index.html index.htm index.jsp;#设定访问的默认首页地址
    root  /home/www/web/ROOT;#设定网站的资源存放路径
    #limit_conn   crawler  20;    
    location ~ .*.jsp$ #所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat处理
    {
      index index.jsp;
      proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;#转向tomcat处理
      }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #设定访问静态文件直接读取不经过tomcat
    {
      expires      30d;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }    
#定义访问日志的写入格式
     log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/localhost.log access;#设定访问日志的存放路径
      }
}

 5、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
#sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
(不用root启动的话，会提示：[emerg]: bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (13: Permission denied)

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
如果提示unknown host，则可在服务器上执行：ping www.baidu.com如果也是同样提示unknown host则有两种可能：
    a、服务器没有设置DNS服务器地址，查看/etc/resolv.conf下是否设置，若无则加上
    b、防火墙拦截 

6、启动nginx的命令
#sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
遇到nginx无法启动，很有可能是已经在运行了，用命令killall:
#sudo killall -9 nginx

7、停止nginx的命令
#sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

8、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
a、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
b、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　6302
　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`  

9、nginx启动好后启动tomcat，此时输入http://主机ip地址即可看到“My web!” 

 

最后附件我配置的nginx.conf:

 

#运行NGINX的用户和组
#user nobody nobody;
#启动进程数,根据cpu内核来配置;
worker_processes  1;

#配置全局错误日志
#error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;

#工作模式和连接数上限
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #定义日志格式
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #定义访问日志
    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    
    #开启gzip模块
    gzip  on;

    #定义负载均衡池,weight表示权重，值越大优先级越高,被分配到的机率越高.
    upstream local_tomcat {
        server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=5;
    }

    #定义虚拟主机
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        #location / {
        #    root   html;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
        #}

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}

	#定义项目的存放路径
	location / {
	    index  index.jsp;
            proxy_pass      http://127.0.0.1:8080;
            # root /home/hadoop/program/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/webapps/beta;
            proxy_redirect          off;
            proxy_set_header        Host $host;
            proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            client_max_body_size    10m;
            client_body_buffer_size 128k;
            proxy_connect_timeout   90;
            proxy_send_timeout      90;
            proxy_read_timeout      90;
            proxy_buffer_size       4k;
            proxy_buffers           4 32k;
            proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
            proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
	}
	#定义状态监控
	location /nginx {
	    #stub_status  on;
	    access_log  logs/status.log;
	    auth_basic  "NginxStatus";
	    #auth_basic_user_file  /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
	}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    #保留用户真实信息
    #include proxy.conf;
    proxy_redirect          off;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    client_max_body_size    10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 128k;
    proxy_connect_timeout   90;
    proxy_send_timeout      90;
    proxy_read_timeout      90;
    proxy_buffer_size       4k;
    proxy_buffers           4 32k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
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