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Raspberry Pi上手笔记之一

 
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Raspberry Pi上手笔记之一

作者:chszs,转载需注明。博客主页:http://blog.csdn.net/chszs

Raspberry Pi在国内称为“树莓派”,在开始使用树莓派之前,我们需要熟悉它 的连接器和功能。这有助于我们选择使用树莓派来实现什么项目,也能帮助我们梳理树莓派还需要什么硬件。比如,你或许需要一个电源、键盘、鼠标、显示器等。

树莓派分A型和B型,A型为低配,价值25美元;B型为高配,价值35美元。在文内,如果没有特别说明,都是以B型为例进行讲解。

在树莓派板子上,你能看到很多连接器:

1)两个常规的USB插槽,可以用它连接一个键盘和一个鼠标。

2)一个微型USB端口,但是必须用它给树莓派提供电力。它不能用于连接别的USB设备。
如果需要连接更太多的USB设备,可以使用USB Hub。
要注意,A型树莓派只有一个USB接口。
3)以太网接口。可用于PC和树莓派的连接。
A型没有提供以太网接口,但是提供了USB转以太网接口的转换器附件。
4)HDMI标准接口和复合视频S端口+音频端口
HDMI接口可以传输音视频,而复合视频S端口只能传输视频,它的音频必须通过另一个音频端口。
音频端口采用标准3.5毫米插座。
5)板子上还有一个两行的针脚,它是GPIO接口。
GPIO即General Purpose Input Output(通用输入/输出)简称为GPIO,或总线扩展器,利用工业标准I2C、SMBus或SPI接口简化了I/O口的扩展。当微控制器或芯片组没有足够的I/O端口,或当系统需要采用远端串行通信或控制时,GPIO产品能够提供额外的控制和监视功能。
GPIO接口用于连接树莓派和其它电子设备。

除此之外,还有五个状态LED灯:
OK灯指示SD卡访问;
PWR灯指示电源连接;
FDX灯指示网络正在进行全双工通信;
LNK灯闪烁指示每个LAN口活动。
10/100M灯指示树莓派的以太网是以10M/s通信或是100M/s通信,灯亮指100M/s通信。

树莓派没有硬盘存储,因此你必须从SD卡引导系统。SD卡在数码相机、手机等场合应用极广。考虑到成本,树莓派没有实时时钟RTC和备用电池,也没有BIOS。但是通过网络时间服务器,可以轻松地解决时钟问题,大多数操作系统会自动完成这一个功能。但缺少BIOS显得有点麻烦。
简单地说,BIOS是一个存储在制度存储器ROM中的程序,在PC启动时运行。它负责配置新设备,并决定引导的顺序。比如,通过BIOS,你可以置顶是从硬盘启动或者是从DVD启动系统。
树莓派没有BIOS,它只能从SD卡引导。即使你可以使用扩展的存储设备,但是,树莓派始终只能从SD卡引导系统。
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