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nginx动态负载upstream四种方案之调研篇

upstream 动态 切换 
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       项目背景：

 

        链路流程： vip —>nginx—>upstream—>server—>ip+port
 
       1.目前还没做路由功能，分组是按服务器分组(不是按用户分组)，分组发布过程一个队列形式，这里提供自定义规则切换服upstrem。
        2.不管是全量发布，分组发布，快速发布，lb只做一件事：切换upstream(running_upstream与standy_upstream
        3.动态切换LB,做法两种，一是直接操作upstream,二是操作upstream里的server. 
        4.与ci集成方式：超链接web

方案一：模块fly操作upstream,web方式增删查改upsterem里的server
       

 
 
无drop重启nginx   
 
kill -HUP `cat /data/nginx/logs/nginx.pid` 
 
#!/bin/sh 
BASE_DIR='/usr/local/' 
${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c ${BASE_DIR}nginx/conf/nginx.
conf >& ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start 
info=`cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start` 
if [ `echo $info | grep -c "syntax is ok" ` -eq 1 ]; then 
if [ `ps aux|grep "nginx"|grep -c "master"` == 1 ]; then 
kill -HUP `cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.pid` 
echo "ok" 
else 
killall -9 nginx 
sleep 1 
${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx 
fi 
else 
echo "######## error: ########" 
cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start 
fi 
 
reference:
 
 

方案二：模块ngx_dynamic_upstream,api+python方式(直接操作upstream里的server)
 
因为api接口操作不是太直观，在django上以web方式增删查改upstream  
 

HTTP APIs

You can operate upstreams dynamically with HTTP APIs.

list

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends"
server 127.0.0.1:6001;
server 127.0.0.1:6002;
server 127.0.0.1:6003;
$

verbose

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends&verbose="
server 127.0.0.1:6001 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6002 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6003 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
$

update_parameters

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends&server=127.0.0.1:6003&weight=10&max_fails=5&fail_timeout=5"
server 127.0.0.1:6001 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6002 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6003 weight=10 max_fails=5 fail_timeout=5;
$

The supported parameters are blow.

  • weight
  • max_fails
  • fail_timeout

down

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends&server=127.0.0.1:6003&down="
server 127.0.0.1:6001 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6002 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6003 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10 down;
$

up

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends&server=127.0.0.1:6003&up="
server 127.0.0.1:6001 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6002 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
server 127.0.0.1:6003 weight=1 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10;
$

add

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends&add=&server=127.0.0.1:6004"
server 127.0.0.1:6001;
server 127.0.0.1:6002;
server 127.0.0.1:6003;
server 127.0.0.1:6004;
$

remove

$ curl "http://127.0.0.1:6000/dynamic?upstream=zone_for_backends&remove=&server=127.0.0.1:6003"
server 127.0.0.1:6001;
server 127.0.0.1:6002;
server 127.0.0.1:6004;
 
reference:
 
 
 
 
 
方案三：lua(lua_code_cache)热装载＋upstream ,直接操作upstream
 
简说热装载(热加载) ：lua代码产生变更，利用lua_code_cache on ，实现自动加载，不用reload nginx。
亮点： 通过lua处理,不用重启nginx，利用api进行增删查改
不足：操作还是基于命令方式，后期还得加上web操作
 

restful interface

GET

  • /detail get all upstreams and their servers
  • /list get the list of upstreams
  • /upstream/name find the upstream by it's name

POST

  • /upstream/name update one upstream
  • body commands;
  • body server ip:port;

DELETE

  • /upstream/name delete one upstream

Call the interface, when you get the return code is HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR 500, you need to reload nginx to make the Nginx work at a good state.

If you got HTTP_CONFLICT 409, you need resend the same commands again latter.

The /list and /detail interface will return HTTP_NO_CONTENT 204 when there is no upstream.

Other code means you should modify your commands and call the interface again.

ATTENEION: You also need a third-party to generate the new config and dump it to Nginx'conf directory.

Sample

» curl -H "host: dyhost" 127.0.0.1:8080
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.3.13</center>
</body>
</html>

» curl -d "server 127.0.0.1:8089;server 127.0.0.1:8088;" 127.0.0.1:8081/upstream/dyhost
success

» curl -H "host: dyhost" 127.0.0.1:8080
8089

» curl -H "host: dyhost" 127.0.0.1:8080
8088

» curl 127.0.0.1:8081/detail
host1
server 127.0.0.1:8088

host2
server 127.0.0.1:8089

dyhost
server 127.0.0.1:8089
server 127.0.0.1:8088

» curl -i -X DELETE 127.0.0.1:8081/upstream/dyhost
success

» curl 127.0.0.1:8081/detail
host1
server 127.0.0.1:8088

host2
server 127.0.0.1:8089

API

extern ngx_flag_t ngx_http_dyups_api_enable;
ngx_int_t ngx_dyups_update_upstream(ngx_str_t *name, ngx_buf_t *buf,
    ngx_str_t *rv);
ngx_int_t ngx_dyups_delete_upstream(ngx_str_t *name, ngx_str_t *rv);

extern ngx_dyups_add_upstream_filter_pt ngx_dyups_add_upstream_top_filter;
extern ngx_dyups_del_upstream_filter_pt ngx_dyups_del_upstream_top_filter;

Lua API Example

NOTICE: you should add the directive dyups_interface into your config file to active this feature

content_by_lua '
    local dyups = require "ngx.dyups"

    local status, rv = dyups.update("test", [[server 127.0.0.1:8088;]]);
    ngx.print(status, rv)
    if status ~= ngx.HTTP_OK then
        ngx.print(status, rv)
        return
    end
    ngx.print("update success")

    status, rv = dyups.delete("test")
    if status ~= ngx.HTTP_OK then
        ngx.print(status, rv)
        return
    end
    ngx.print("delete success")
';
 
reference:
 
方案四：自研
      自已写lua+redis，再封装一层api，供业务插入标签，再进行增删查改
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