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Groovy In Action 学习笔记(四) Groovy语法基础(二)

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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading 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Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if !mso]> <span class="mceItemObject" classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui> </span> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--> <!-- [if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:普通表格; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]-->

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->1.   认识 <!-- [endif]-->GString

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->a)         认识 ’ ’ " " 的区别 <!-- [endif]-->

def name = 'Peter'

println name // 输出 Peter

println name.class // 输出 class java.lang.String

 

def word = "Hello $name !"

println word // 输出 Hello Peter !

println word.class // class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GStringImpl

 

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->b)        认识 ’’’ ’’’ <!-- [endif]-->""" """的区别

def name = 'Peter'

 

def word = '''Hello

$name

'''

println word // 输出 Hello\n$name

println word.class // 输出 class java.lang.String

 

word = """Hello

$name

"""

println word // 输出 Hello\nPeter

println word.class // 输出 class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GStringImpl

 

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->        i.        <!-- [endif]-->’ ’ ''' 表示不进行表达式替换

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->       ii.      "" 与""" """ 表示进行表达式替换

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->     iii.        <!-- [endif]-->用于替换的值必须定义过(不管是否赋过值),否则有异常。如上面的 name 必须定义过( def name )。

 

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->2.   数字的使用 <!-- [endif]-->

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->a)    <!-- [endif]-->Java 中的基本类型 (int,byte,char,double,float ) 都不是对象。

 

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->b)     <!-- [endif]-->Groovy 中的整数是 Integer ,也是对象。

 

println 1 // 输出 1

println 1.class // 输出 class java.lang.Integer

println 1.plus(2) // 输出 3

 

 c) Groovy 中的浮点数是 BigDecimal ,也是对象。   

 

println 1.1 // 输出 1.1

println 1.1.class // 输出 class java.math.BigDecimal

println 1.1.add(2.2) // 输出 3.3

 

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->3.   assert 的支持 <!-- [endif]-->

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->a)    <!-- [endif]--> java 一样都是表示对后面表达式的 true or false 判断。

 

<!-- [if !supportLists]-->b)    <!-- [endif]-->表达式为 false 则抛 java.lang.AssertionError 异常

 

def a = 1

assert a == 1 // 没有任何输出

assert 1 == 2 // 抛出异常

Exception thrown: Expression: (1 == 2)

java.lang.AssertionError: Expression: (1 == 2)

    at ConsoleScript20.run(ConsoleScript20:4)

 

assert false // 抛出异常

Exception thrown: Expression: false

java.lang.AssertionError: Expression: false

    at ConsoleScript74.run(ConsoleScript74:1)

 

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