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SPRING总结

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Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。



DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。



根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:



    第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">



    <bean id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 



    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <!-- 配置DAO -->

    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <bean id="userDao" 

        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 

           <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 

           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    

        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 

         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />

        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 

        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 

            <props> 

                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

            </props> 

        </property> 

    </bean> 

</beans>

    第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">



    <bean id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 



    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <bean id="transactionBase" 

            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 

            lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 

        <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 

        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 

        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 

        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 

            <props> 

                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 

            </props> 

        </property> 

    </bean>   

  

    <!-- 配置DAO -->

    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 

        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  

    </bean>

</beans>

第三种方式:使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">



    <bean id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 



    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

  

    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" 

        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 

        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 

        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 

        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 

            <props> 

                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 

            </props> 

        </property> 

    </bean>

     

    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 

        <property name="beanNames"> 

            <list> 

                <value>*Dao</value>

            </list> 

        </property> 

        <property name="interceptorNames"> 

            <list> 

                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 

            </list> 

        </property> 

    </bean> 

 

    <!-- 配置DAO -->

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

</beans>

第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">



    <context:annotation-config />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />



    <bean id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 



    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>



    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

        <tx:attributes>

            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

        </tx:attributes>

    </tx:advice>

   

    <aop:config>

        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"

            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />

        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"

            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />       

    </aop:config>     

</beans>

第五种方式:全注解



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">



    <context:annotation-config />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />



    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>



    <bean id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 



    <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下:

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;



import java.util.List;



import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;



import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;



@Transactional

@Component("userDao")

public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {



    public List<User> listUsers() {

        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();

    }

   

   

}





Spring事务原理

统观spring事务,围绕着两个核心PlatformTransactionManager和TransactionStatus



spring提供了几个关于事务处理的类:

TransactionDefinition //事务属性定义

TranscationStatus //代表了当前的事务,可以提交,回滚。

PlatformTransactionManager这个是spring提供的用于管理事务的基础接口,其下有一个实现的抽象类AbstractPlatformTransactionManager,我们使用的事务管理类例如DataSourceTransactionManager等都是这个类的子类。



一般事务定义步骤:

TransactionDefinition td = new TransactionDefinition();

TransactionStatus ts = transactionManager.getTransaction(td);

try

{ //do sth

  transactionManager.commit(ts);

}

catch(Exception e){transactionManager.rollback(ts);}





spring提供的事务管理可以分为两类:编程式的和声明式的。编程式的,比较灵活,但是代码量大,存在重复的代码比较多;声明式的比编程式的更灵活。



编程式主要使用transactionTemplate。省略了部分的提交,回滚,一系列的事务对象定义,需注入事务管理对象.

void add()

{

    transactionTemplate.execute( new TransactionCallback(){

        pulic Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus ts)

       { //do sth}

    }

}



声明式:

使用TransactionProxyFactoryBean:

<bean id="userManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">

  <property name="transactionManager"><ref bean="transactionManager"/></property>

  <property name="target"><ref local="userManagerTarget"/></property>

  <property name="transactionAttributes">

   <props>

    <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

    <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

    <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>

   </props>

  </property>

</bean>



围绕Poxy的动态代理 能够自动的提交和回滚事务

org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.
TransactionProxyFactoryBean

·PROPAGATION_REQUIRED--支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务。这是最常见的选择。

·PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS--支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就以非事务方式执行。

·PROPAGATION_MANDATORY--支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就抛出异常。

·PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW--新建事务,如果当前存在事务,把当前事务挂起。

·PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED--以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起。

·PROPAGATION_NEVER--以非事务方式执行,如果当前存在事务,则抛出异常。

·PROPAGATION_NESTED--如果当前存在事务,则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务,则进行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。

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