NFS网络文件系统

http://jportal.iteye.com/blog/347544  

 

 

有缺陷.比如server端重启的话,client端也要重新mount,而且速度方面不怎么样
     可以做到client端无需重新mount
挂载断开的话一般和网络关系比较大

 

 

NFS (Network File System)网络文件系统，是使不同 ... 主要功能是管理NFS的文件系统。

 

 

 

 

------------- 卸载linux默认安装的服务

检查linux系统中是否安装了nfs-utils和portmap两个软件包
RHEL4系统默认已经安装了这两个软件包）
    命令#rpm -q nfs-utils portmap

yum list | grep nfs
yum remove **

 

===============NFS 服务器 128

yum install nfs-utils nfs4-acl-tools portmap

查看NFS服务器是否启动
    service nfs status
    service portmap status
如果服务器没有启动，则开启服务（先启动portmap再启动nfs）
service portmap start
service nfs start
   
ps -ef|grep portmap
ps -ef|grep nfs

指定NFS服务器的配置文件
    NFS服务器的配置文件保存“/etc/”目录中，文件名称是“exports”，该文件用于被指NFS服务器提供的目录共享
    命令#vi /etc/exports

格式
/tmp           192.168.93.*(rw,sync)

####/tmp 192.168.93.*(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
添加的内容表示：允许ip 地址范围在192.168.0.*的计算机以读写的权限来访问/home/work 目录。
/home也称为服务器输出共享目录。
括号内的参数意义描述如下：
rw：读/写权限，只读权限的参数为ro；
sync：数据同步写入内存和硬盘，也可以使用async，此时数据会先暂存于内存中，而不立即写入硬盘。
no_root_squash：NFS 服务器共享目录用户的属性，如果用户是 root，那么对于这个共享目录来说就具有 root 的权限。

 

确认 NFSv4 服务器成功运行：

#rpcinfo -p
注意 NFS 使用 portmap，而且新版本的 portmap 使用 hosts.deny 和 hosts.allow 文件来控制访问源，修改这2个配置文件以便 NFS 客户端能正常连接到服务器：
# vim /etc/hosts.deny
portmap:ALL
# vim /etc/hosts.allow
portmap:192.168.93.*

#service portmap restart
#service nfs restart

检查 NFS 服务器是否输出我们想共享的目录 /bak：
#exportfs
/tmp            192.168.93.129

把 NFS 服务加入系统启动脚本并且手动启动 NFS 服务：
# chkconfig nfs on
# chkconfig portmap on
# /etc/init.d/portmap start
# /etc/init.d/nfs start

========================NFS 客户端 129
yum install nfs-utils nfs4-acl-tools portmap

 

/etc/init.d/portmap start
/etc/init.d/nfs start

把 NFS 服务加入系统启动脚本并且手动启动 NFS 服务：
# chkconfig nfs on
# chkconfig portmap on
# /etc/init.d/portmap start
# /etc/init.d/nfs start

检查 NFS 服务器端是否有目录共享
showmount -e 192.168.93.128

使用 mount 挂载服务器端的目录 /bak 到客户端某个目录下：
# mkdir /tmp/tmp
mount -t nfs 192.168.93.128:/tmp /tmp/tmp
######mount -t nfs4 192.168.93.128:/tmp /tmp/tmp

 

 

 

 

－－－－查看已挂载设备:

#mount -l
192.168.12.201:/backup/data on /nfs/backup type nfs (rw,soft,intr,addr=192.168.12.201)

表示客户端挂载点：/nfs/backup，服务器端：/backup/data

 

mount -l (-l选项会多输出卷标)
或cat /proc/mounts
cat /etc/mtab (加-n选项mount的设备不显示)

 

 

 

 ===========================nfs实战（配合apache设置）

 

由一前HP 360DL做为前端，由三台4U盘柜做为存储连接而成的一个视频上传，点播系统的结构。

219.235.241.237

建立目录设置权限

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www     512 Jun 11 10:50 cnzmkmfiles1

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www     512 Jun 11 10:50 cnzmkmfiles2

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www     512 Jun 11 10:50 cnzmkmfiles3

修改虚拟主机配置文件

/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles1

    ServerName flv1.cnzmkm.com

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv2cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

   CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles2

    ServerName flv2.cnzmkm.com

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv2cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

   CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

</VirtualHost>

 

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles3

    ServerName flv3.cnzmkm.com

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv2cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

   CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

</VirtualHost>

检查配置文件语法，重新加载配置文件，查看虚拟主机参数

flvserver2# ../../bin/apachectl -t

Syntax OK

flvserver2# ../../bin/apachectl -k graceful

flvserver2# ../../bin/apachectl -S

VirtualHost configuration:

wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers:

*:80     is a NameVirtualHost

         default server flv1.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:27)

         port 80 namevhost flv1.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:27)

         port 80 namevhost flv2.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:40)

         port 80 namevhost flv3.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:53)

         port 80 namevhost flv1.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:66)

         port 80 namevhost flv2.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:75)

         port 80 namevhost flv3.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:84)

Syntax OK

 
219.235.241.236

建立目录设置权限

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www     512 Jun 11 11:05 cnzmkmfiles4

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www     512 Jun 11 11:06 cnzmkmfiles5

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www     512 Jun 11 11:06 cnzmkmfiles6

修改虚拟主机配置文件

/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles4

    ServerName flv4.cnzmkm.com

    CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv3cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles5

    ServerName flv5.cnzmkm.com

    CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv3cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles6

    ServerName flv6.cnzmkm.com

    CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv3cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

</VirtualHost>

检查配置文件语法，重新加载配置文件，查看虚拟主机参数

flvserver3# ../../bin/apachectl -t

Syntax OK

flvserver3# ../../bin/apachectl -k graceful

flvserver3# ../../bin/apachectl -S

VirtualHost configuration:

wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers:

*:80                   is a NameVirtualHost

         default server flv4.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:28)

         port 80 namevhost flv4.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:28)

         port 80 namevhost flv5.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:40)

         port 80 namevhost flv6.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:52)

         port 80 namevhost flv4.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:65)

         port 80 namevhost flv5.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:74)

         port 80 namevhost flv6.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:83)

Syntax OK

219.235.241.235

建立目录设置权限

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www   512B Jun 11 11:09 cnzmkmfiles7

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www   512B Jun 11 11:09 cnzmkmfiles8

drwxrwxrwx  2 www  www   512B Jun 11 11:09 cnzmkmfiles9

修改虚拟主机配置文件

/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles7

    ServerName flv7.cnzmkm.com

    CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv4cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

</VirtualHost>

 
<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles8

    ServerName flv8.cnzmkm.com

    CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv4cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [e-mail]

    DocumentRoot /files/web/cnzmkmfiles9

    ServerName flv9.cnzmkm.com

    CBandRemoteSpeed 80Kb/s 3 10

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/logfiles/flv4cnzmkm_log%Y%m%d.log" combined

</VirtualHost>

检查配置文件语法，重新加载配置文件，查看虚拟主机参数

flvserver4# ../../bin/apachectl -t

Syntax OK

flvserver4# ../../bin/apachectl -k graceful

flvserver4# ../../bin/apachectl -S

VirtualHost configuration:

wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers:

*:80                   is a NameVirtualHost

         default server flv7.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:21)

         port 80 namevhost flv7.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:21)

         port 80 namevhost flv8.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:30)

         port 80 namevhost flv9.unidee.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:39)

         port 80 namevhost flv7.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:49)

         port 80 namevhost flv8.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:58)

         port 80 namevhost flv9.cnzmkm.com (/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf:67)

Syntax OK

虚拟主机域名对应目录

219.235.241.237     flv1.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles1

219.235.241.237     flv2.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles2

219.235.241.237     flv3.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles3

219.235.241.236     flv4.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles4

219.235.241.236     flv5.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles5

219.235.241.236     flv6.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles6

219.235.241.235     flv7.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles7

219.235.241.235     flv8.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles8

219.235.241.235     flv9.cnzmkm.com     /files/web/cnzmkmfiles9

219.235.241.231 WEB服务器挂载NFS目录

219.235.241.237:/files/web/files1   /usr/local/www/files1

219.235.241.237:/files/web/files2   /usr/local/www/files2

219.235.241.237:/files/web/files3   /usr/local/www/files3

219.235.241.236:/files/web/files4   /usr/local/www/files4

219.235.241.236:/files/web/files5   /usr/local/www/files5

219.235.241.236:/files/web/files6   /usr/local/www/files6

219.235.241.235:/files/web/files7   /usr/local/www/files7

219.235.241.235:/files/web/files8   /usr/local/www/files8

219.235.241.235:/files/web/files9   /usr/local/www/files9

219.235.241.237:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles1    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles1

219.235.241.237:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles2    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles2

219.235.241.237:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles3    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles3

219.235.241.236:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles4    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles4

219.235.241.236:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles5    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles5

219.235.241.236:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles6    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles6

219.235.241.235:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles7    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles7

219.235.241.235:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles8    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles8

219.235.241.235:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles9    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles9

 

UNIDEE网站加载NFS目录

mount 219.235.241.237:/files/web/files1    /usr/local/www/files1

mount 219.235.241.237:/files/web/files2    /usr/local/www/files2

mount 219.235.241.237:/files/web/files3    /usr/local/www/files3

mount 219.235.241.236:/files/web/files4    /usr/local/www/files4

mount 219.235.241.236:/files/web/files5    /usr/local/www/files5

mount 219.235.241.236:/files/web/files6    /usr/local/www/files6

mount 219.235.241.235:/files/web/files7    /usr/local/www/files7

mount 219.235.241.235:/files/web/files8    /usr/local/www/files8

mount 219.235.241.235:/files/web/files9    /usr/local/www/files9

CNZMKM加载NFS目录

mount 219.235.241.237:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles1    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles1

mount 219.235.241.237:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles2    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles2

mount 219.235.241.237:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles3    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles3

mount 219.235.241.236:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles4    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles4

mount 219.235.241.236:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles5    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles5

mount 219.235.241.236:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles6    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles6

mount 219.235.241.235:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles7    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles7

mount 219.235.241.235:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles8    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles8

mount 219.235.241.235:/files/web/cnzmkmfiles9    /usr/local/www/cnzmkmfiles9

 
测试NFS，文件名是写入文件的主机IP，每目录下两个文件分别为客户端和服务端shell下写入的文件

 
[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles1

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:19 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:19 237

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles2

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:19 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:19 237

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles3

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:19 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:19 237

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles4

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:32 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:37 236

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles5

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:32 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:37 236

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles6

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:32 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:37 236

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles7

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:34 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:40 235

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles8

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:35 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:40 235

[root@webserver2 /usr/local/www] ll cnzmkmfiles9

total 0

-rw-r--r--  1 4294967294  www     0B Jun 11 13:35 231

-rw-r--r--  1 root        www     0B Jun 11 13:40 235

双向读写正常