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Objective-C语法之KVC的使用 .

    博客分类:
  • oc
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除了一般的赋值和取值的方法,我们还可以用Key-Value-Coding(KVC)键值编码来访问你要存取的类的属性。

下图来自苹果官网:

[img]

[/img]



如何使用KVC存取对象属性呢?看个示例

1、使用KVC
定义一个Student类,继承于NSObject。

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
}
@end


.m文件
#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@end


.m文件也没有实现。name属性没有加property,原来的访问方法就访问不了name属性了。怎么办呢?用kvc就可以了

#import "Student.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
    }
    return 0;
}


打印结果:

2012-07-20 15:04:09.920 objectiveC[1977:403] 学生姓名:张三

张三 这个值存进去了,通过valueForKey取出来了。

如果存的时候key和类属性的名称不一致会怎么样呢?

代码改成

        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name1"];

运行,程序崩溃 ,打印:

2012-07-20 15:09:40.432 objectiveC[2069:403] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<Student 0x106f14270> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name1.'

提示没有这个name1 这个key。












2、键路径访问属性
如果访问这个类里中的属性中的属性呢?那就用到了键路径

关键字:键路径取值valueForKeyPath 键路径存值:forKeyPath

新建一个类Course,课程类,课程类有课程名称这个属性

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Course : NSObject
{
    NSString *CourseName;
}
@end


.m文件
#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@end



在Student中添加Course属性 ,student.h文件中代码如下:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
}
@end


实现还是什么都没有,这里就不贴代码了

在main方法中,我们实验通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
        
        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
    }
    return 0;
}


24.} 
#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
       
        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
       
        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
       
    }
    return 0;
}
运行打印结果:

2012-07-20 15:33:51.902 objectiveC[2415:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:语文课

2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:数学课







3、自动封装基本数据类型

我们在Student类中添加分数属性 NSInteger point;

.h文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
}
@end


.m文件不改变就不管了
下面是main示例了

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
        
        Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
        [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
        [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
        
        [student setValue:@"88" forKeyPath:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);
        
    }
    return 0;
}


打印结果:

2012-07-20 15:43:19.593 objectiveC[2533:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:语文课

2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:数学课

2012-07-20 15:43:19.598 objectiveC[2533:403] 分数:88

我们用NSString*类型设置的属性值@"88",而我们的属性是NSInteger类型的,存取都没有问题。






4、操作集合

在Student类中加入数组NSArray,用来表示其他的学生。这样我们可以添加多个其他的学生,再用集合操作计算学生的分数,最高分,最低分,平均分等

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
    NSArray *otherStudent;
}
@end

.m文件实现不变。

在main函数中添加三个学生,添加到数组中,然后求平均分,最高,最低分,学生数量

#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
        [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
        
        [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);
        
        Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
        [student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"];
        [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
        [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
        [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
        NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
        NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
        NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
        NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
        NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);
    }
    return 0;
}


运行打印结果

2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403] 学生姓名:张三

2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403] 分数:88

2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403] 其他学生的成绩(

    65,

    77,

    99

)

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 共3个学生

2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 最高成绩:99

2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403] 最低成绩:65

2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403] 平均成绩:80.333333333333333333333333333333333333

还可以求总和  @sum。

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