Solaris10下安装Oralce10g

安装准备：
1.首先以root用户登录，编辑几个跟内存分配有关的系统参数。

# vi /etc/system

set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295（给oracle最大内存设置为2G）
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=110
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=310

Oracle安装时缺省的设置为：
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=15
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=200
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=70
set ulimit=3000000 
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=315
set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=300
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=630
set semsys:seminfo_semopm=315
set semsys:seminfo_semvmx=32767
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=315
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1

其中这些参数的含义

shmmax - 共享内存段的最大字节数，建议设大点，甚至可以大过物理内存的字节数
shmmin - 共享内存段的最小尺寸.
shmmni - 共享内存段的最大数目.
shmseg - 每个进程可分配的最大共享内存段数目.
shmall - 最大的并发共享内存段数目，比SGA还要大.
semmns - 信号灯的最大数量，跟ORACLE的PROCESS数有关.
semmsl - 每个信号灯集合中最多的信号灯数目.

2.创建用户和组

# groupadd dba
# groupadd oinstall
# useradd –g dba -G oinstall –d /export/home/oracle –m oracle
# passwd oracle

3.设置必要的目录权限

# chmod -R 777 /export/home/oracle

4.设定oracle用户的环境参数

ORACLE_BASE=/export/home/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orionuat
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252（默认字符集）
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/sbin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib
TMPDIR=/var/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE
export ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID
export NLS_LANG
export PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

DISPLAY=127.0.0.1:0.0
export DISPLAY

umask 022

5.开始安装。安装文件为10202_database_solx86.zip

# unzip 10202_database_solx86.zip
# cd database
# ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be 5.10.    Actual 5.10
                                      Passed

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 250 MB.   Actual 6645 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 7077 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors
    >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/openwin/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<

Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before

continuing with the installation,at which time they will be rechecked.

Continue? (y/n) [n]

若遇到此错误，可以在root用户下执行

# xhost +

然后再回到oracle用户下，重新执行runInstaller

# su oracle
$ bash
bash-3.00$ cd /export/home/oracle/software/database/
bash-3.00$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be 5.10.    Actual 5.10
                                      Passed

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 250 MB.   Actual 6644 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 7077 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed

All installer requirements met.

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2010-09-01_08-55-23AM. Please wait ...bash-3.00$ Warning: Cannot convert string "-hanyi-ming-medium-r-normal--*-140-*-*-m-*-big5-1" to type FontStruct
Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.2.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

然后出现安装界面，根据提示可以完成安装。

错误解答：
1. 在安装过程中创建Oracle实例时，有可能会提示ORA-27102 "Out of Memory"错误，可能是内存设置不当造成的，可以修改max-shm-memory参数。
2. 在启动Listener时出现Permission denied错误（引用自http://www.stblog.net/article/tech/304.htm）：

$lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Solaris: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-APR-2007 16:38:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, oracle.   All rights reserved.
Starting /opt/oracle/oracle10/app/oracle10/product/10.2.0/Db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Solaris: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/oracle10/app/oracle10/product/10.2.0/Db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/oracle10/app/oracle10/product/10.2.0/Db_1/network/log/listener.log
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
TNS-12546: TNS:permission denied
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
   TNS-00516: Permission denied
    Solaris Error: 13: Permission denied
Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

原因及解决方法：
The Unix permissions for the hidden directory /tmp/.oracle should be:
Owner = the oracle user who performed the database install,
Group = the dba group of the oracle user,
and the directory's Unix permissions should be drwxrwxrwx
Change the permissions on the .oracle directory:
1) cd /var/tmp（on Solaris） or /tmp（on Hp and IBM）
2) Change the ownership and group of the ".oracle" directory to "oracle/dba":
# chown -R oracle10:dba .oracle
or
3) Change the permissions on the directory:
# chmod 777 .oracle