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Spring MVC之@RequestBody, @ResponseBody 详解 Spring MVC之@RequestBody, @ResponseBody 详解

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复制来源:http://blog.csdn.net/kobejayandy/article/details/12690555

Spring MVC之@RequestBody, @ResponseBody 详解

分类:Java 精华文章17840人阅读评论(1)收藏举报

引言:

接上一篇文章讲述处理@RequestMapping的方法参数绑定之后,详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体用法和使用时机;


简介:

@RequestBody

作用:

i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;

ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

使用时机:

A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
  • multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
  • 其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);

B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
  • multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
  • 其他格式, 必须;
说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

@ResponseBody

作用:

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

使用时机:

返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;



HttpMessageConverter

  1. <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">/**
  2. *StrategyinterfacethatspecifiesaconverterthatcanconvertfromandtoHTTPrequestsandresponses.
  3. *
  4. *@authorArjenPoutsma
  5. *@authorJuergenHoeller
  6. *@since3.0
  7. */
  8. publicinterfaceHttpMessageConverter<T>{
  9. /**
  10. *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbereadbythisconverter.
  11. *@paramclazztheclasstotestforreadability
  12. *@parammediaTypethemediatypetoread,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
  13. *Typicallythevalueofa{@codeContent-Type}header.
  14. *@return{@codetrue}ifreadable;{@codefalse}otherwise
  15. */
  16. booleancanRead(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
  17. /**
  18. *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbewrittenbythisconverter.
  19. *@paramclazztheclasstotestforwritability
  20. *@parammediaTypethemediatypetowrite,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
  21. *Typicallythevalueofan{@codeAccept}header.
  22. *@return{@codetrue}ifwritable;{@codefalse}otherwise
  23. */
  24. booleancanWrite(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
  25. /**
  26. *Returnthelistof{@linkMediaType}objectssupportedbythisconverter.
  27. *@returnthelistofsupportedmediatypes
  28. */
  29. List<MediaType>getSupportedMediaTypes();
  30. /**
  31. *Readanobjectofthegiventypeformthegiveninputmessage,andreturnsit.
  32. *@paramclazzthetypeofobjecttoreturn.Thistypemusthavepreviouslybeenpassedtothe
  33. *{@link#canReadcanRead}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
  34. *@paraminputMessagetheHTTPinputmessagetoreadfrom
  35. *@returntheconvertedobject
  36. *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
  37. *@throwsHttpMessageNotReadableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
  38. */
  39. Tread(Class<?extendsT>clazz,HttpInputMessageinputMessage)
  40. throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotReadableException;
  41. /**
  42. *Writeangivenobjecttothegivenoutputmessage.
  43. *@paramttheobjecttowritetotheoutputmessage.Thetypeofthisobjectmusthavepreviouslybeen
  44. *passedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
  45. *@paramcontentTypethecontenttypetousewhenwriting.Maybe{@codenull}toindicatethatthe
  46. *defaultcontenttypeoftheconvertermustbeused.Ifnot{@codenull},thismediatypemusthave
  47. *previouslybeenpassedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthave
  48. *returned{@codetrue}.
  49. *@paramoutputMessagethemessagetowriteto
  50. *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
  51. *@throwsHttpMessageNotWritableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
  52. */
  53. voidwrite(Tt,MediaTypecontentType,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
  54. throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotWritableException;
  55. }
  56. </span>
该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。

在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

  1. ByteArrayHttpMessageConverterconvertsbytearrays.
  2. StringHttpMessageConverterconvertsstrings.
  3. ResourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromorg.springframework.core.io.Resourceforallmediatypes.
  4. SourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromajavax.xml.transform.Source.
  5. FormHttpMessageConverterconvertsformdatato/fromaMultiValueMap<String,String>.
  6. Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverterconvertsJavaobjectsto/fromXML—addedifJAXB2ispresentontheclasspath.
  7. MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromJSON—addedifJacksonispresentontheclasspath.
  8. AtomFeedHttpMessageConverterconvertsAtomfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.
  9. RssChannelHttpMessageConverterconvertsRSSfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;

StringHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;


ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;

FormHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;


MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入json格式的数据;


SouceHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;

Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;


AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;

RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;


当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。


HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:

@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

spring 3.1源代码如下:

  1. <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privateObjectreadWithMessageConverters(MethodParametermethodParam,HttpInputMessageinputMessage,ClassparamType)
  2. throwsException{
  3. MediaTypecontentType=inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
  4. if(contentType==null){
  5. StringBuilderbuilder=newStringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
  6. StringparamName=methodParam.getParameterName();
  7. if(paramName!=null){
  8. builder.append('');
  9. builder.append(paramName);
  10. }
  11. thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
  12. "Cannotextractparameter("+builder.toString()+"):noContent-Typefound");
  13. }
  14. List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
  15. if(this.messageConverters!=null){
  16. for(HttpMessageConverter<?>messageConverter:this.messageConverters){
  17. allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
  18. if(messageConverter.canRead(paramType,contentType)){
  19. if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
  20. logger.debug("Reading["+paramType.getName()+"]as\""+contentType
  21. +"\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
  22. }
  23. returnmessageConverter.read(paramType,inputMessage);
  24. }
  25. }
  26. }
  27. thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType,allSupportedMediaTypes);
  28. }</span>

@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;

源代码如下:

  1. <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privatevoidwriteWithMessageConverters(ObjectreturnValue,
  2. HttpInputMessageinputMessage,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
  3. throwsIOException,HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException{
  4. List<MediaType>acceptedMediaTypes=inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();
  5. if(acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()){
  6. acceptedMediaTypes=Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
  7. }
  8. MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
  9. Class<?>returnValueType=returnValue.getClass();
  10. List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
  11. if(getMessageConverters()!=null){
  12. for(MediaTypeacceptedMediaType:acceptedMediaTypes){
  13. for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:getMessageConverters()){
  14. if(messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType,acceptedMediaType)){
  15. messageConverter.write(returnValue,acceptedMediaType,outputMessage);
  16. if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
  17. MediaTypecontentType=outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
  18. if(contentType==null){
  19. contentType=acceptedMediaType;
  20. }
  21. logger.debug("Written["+returnValue+"]as\""+contentType+
  22. "\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
  23. }
  24. this.responseArgumentUsed=true;
  25. return;
  26. }
  27. }
  28. }
  29. for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:messageConverters){
  30. allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
  31. }
  32. }
  33. thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
  34. }</span>

补充:

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。

引言:

接上一篇文章讲述处理@RequestMapping的方法参数绑定之后,详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体用法和使用时机;


简介:

@RequestBody

作用:

i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;

ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

使用时机:

A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
  • multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
  • 其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);

B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  • application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
  • multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
  • 其他格式, 必须;
说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

@ResponseBody

作用:

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

使用时机:

返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;



HttpMessageConverter

  1. <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">/**
  2. *StrategyinterfacethatspecifiesaconverterthatcanconvertfromandtoHTTPrequestsandresponses.
  3. *
  4. *@authorArjenPoutsma
  5. *@authorJuergenHoeller
  6. *@since3.0
  7. */
  8. publicinterfaceHttpMessageConverter<T>{
  9. /**
  10. *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbereadbythisconverter.
  11. *@paramclazztheclasstotestforreadability
  12. *@parammediaTypethemediatypetoread,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
  13. *Typicallythevalueofa{@codeContent-Type}header.
  14. *@return{@codetrue}ifreadable;{@codefalse}otherwise
  15. */
  16. booleancanRead(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
  17. /**
  18. *Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbewrittenbythisconverter.
  19. *@paramclazztheclasstotestforwritability
  20. *@parammediaTypethemediatypetowrite,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.
  21. *Typicallythevalueofan{@codeAccept}header.
  22. *@return{@codetrue}ifwritable;{@codefalse}otherwise
  23. */
  24. booleancanWrite(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);
  25. /**
  26. *Returnthelistof{@linkMediaType}objectssupportedbythisconverter.
  27. *@returnthelistofsupportedmediatypes
  28. */
  29. List<MediaType>getSupportedMediaTypes();
  30. /**
  31. *Readanobjectofthegiventypeformthegiveninputmessage,andreturnsit.
  32. *@paramclazzthetypeofobjecttoreturn.Thistypemusthavepreviouslybeenpassedtothe
  33. *{@link#canReadcanRead}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
  34. *@paraminputMessagetheHTTPinputmessagetoreadfrom
  35. *@returntheconvertedobject
  36. *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
  37. *@throwsHttpMessageNotReadableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
  38. */
  39. Tread(Class<?extendsT>clazz,HttpInputMessageinputMessage)
  40. throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotReadableException;
  41. /**
  42. *Writeangivenobjecttothegivenoutputmessage.
  43. *@paramttheobjecttowritetotheoutputmessage.Thetypeofthisobjectmusthavepreviouslybeen
  44. *passedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.
  45. *@paramcontentTypethecontenttypetousewhenwriting.Maybe{@codenull}toindicatethatthe
  46. *defaultcontenttypeoftheconvertermustbeused.Ifnot{@codenull},thismediatypemusthave
  47. *previouslybeenpassedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthave
  48. *returned{@codetrue}.
  49. *@paramoutputMessagethemessagetowriteto
  50. *@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors
  51. *@throwsHttpMessageNotWritableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors
  52. */
  53. voidwrite(Tt,MediaTypecontentType,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
  54. throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotWritableException;
  55. }
  56. </span>
该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。

在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

  1. ByteArrayHttpMessageConverterconvertsbytearrays.
  2. StringHttpMessageConverterconvertsstrings.
  3. ResourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromorg.springframework.core.io.Resourceforallmediatypes.
  4. SourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromajavax.xml.transform.Source.
  5. FormHttpMessageConverterconvertsformdatato/fromaMultiValueMap<String,String>.
  6. Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverterconvertsJavaobjectsto/fromXML—addedifJAXB2ispresentontheclasspath.
  7. MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromJSON—addedifJacksonispresentontheclasspath.
  8. AtomFeedHttpMessageConverterconvertsAtomfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.
  9. RssChannelHttpMessageConverterconvertsRSSfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;

StringHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;


ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;

FormHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;


MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入json格式的数据;


SouceHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;

Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;


AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;

RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;


当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。


HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:

@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

spring 3.1源代码如下:

  1. <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privateObjectreadWithMessageConverters(MethodParametermethodParam,HttpInputMessageinputMessage,ClassparamType)
  2. throwsException{
  3. MediaTypecontentType=inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
  4. if(contentType==null){
  5. StringBuilderbuilder=newStringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
  6. StringparamName=methodParam.getParameterName();
  7. if(paramName!=null){
  8. builder.append('');
  9. builder.append(paramName);
  10. }
  11. thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
  12. "Cannotextractparameter("+builder.toString()+"):noContent-Typefound");
  13. }
  14. List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
  15. if(this.messageConverters!=null){
  16. for(HttpMessageConverter<?>messageConverter:this.messageConverters){
  17. allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
  18. if(messageConverter.canRead(paramType,contentType)){
  19. if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
  20. logger.debug("Reading["+paramType.getName()+"]as\""+contentType
  21. +"\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
  22. }
  23. returnmessageConverter.read(paramType,inputMessage);
  24. }
  25. }
  26. }
  27. thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType,allSupportedMediaTypes);
  28. }</span>

@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;

源代码如下:

  1. <spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privatevoidwriteWithMessageConverters(ObjectreturnValue,
  2. HttpInputMessageinputMessage,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)
  3. throwsIOException,HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException{
  4. List<MediaType>acceptedMediaTypes=inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();
  5. if(acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()){
  6. acceptedMediaTypes=Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
  7. }
  8. MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
  9. Class<?>returnValueType=returnValue.getClass();
  10. List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();
  11. if(getMessageConverters()!=null){
  12. for(MediaTypeacceptedMediaType:acceptedMediaTypes){
  13. for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:getMessageConverters()){
  14. if(messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType,acceptedMediaType)){
  15. messageConverter.write(returnValue,acceptedMediaType,outputMessage);
  16. if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
  17. MediaTypecontentType=outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
  18. if(contentType==null){
  19. contentType=acceptedMediaType;
  20. }
  21. logger.debug("Written["+returnValue+"]as\""+contentType+
  22. "\"using["+messageConverter+"]");
  23. }
  24. this.responseArgumentUsed=true;
  25. return;
  26. }
  27. }
  28. }
  29. for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:messageConverters){
  30. allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
  31. }
  32. }
  33. thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
  34. }</span>

补充:

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。
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