首先，配置好 hadoop+hbase 环境后，确保 hbase 正常启动。

1. 搭建开发环境

1.1、运行 Eclipse，创建一个新的 Java工程“ HBaseHelloWorld”，右键项目根目录，选择 “ Properties”->“Java Build Path”->“Library”->“Add External JARs”，将 HBase解压后根目录下的 hbase-***.jar、 hbase-***-tests.jar和 lib子目录下所有 jar 包添加到本工程的 Classpath下，如图 1所示。

1.2、按照步骤 1中的操作，将自己所连接的 HBase的配置文件 hbase-site.xml添加到本工程的 Classpath中，如下所示为配置文件的一个示例。

<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>

</property>

<name>hbase.rootdir</name>

<value>hdfs://hostname:9000/hbase</value>

</property>

<name>dfs.replication</name>

</property>

</configuration>

2.下面可以在 Eclipse环境下进行 HBase编程了。

具体操作 hbase代码如下：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;

public class HBaseJavaAPI {

    /**
    * 创建表
    * @throws IOException
    */
    public void createTable(String tableName, String[] columns) throws IOException {
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
        if (admin.tableExists(tableName)) {
            System.out.println("表已经存在！");
        } else {
            HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
            for (String column : columns) {
                desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(column));
            }
            admin.createTable(desc);
            System.out.println("表创建成功！");
        }
    }

    /**
    * 插入一行记录
    * @param tablename
    *             表名
    * @param row
    *             行名称
    * @param columnFamily
    *             列族名
    * @param columns
    *             （列族名：column）组合成列名
    * @param values
    *             行与列确定的值
    */
    public void insertRecord(String tablename, String row, String columnFamily, String[] columns, String[] values) {
        try {
            Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tablename);
            Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(row));
            for (int i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
                put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily),
                        Bytes.toBytes(String.valueOf(columns[i])),
                        Bytes.toBytes(values[i]));
                table.put(put);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
    * 删除一行记录
    * @param tablename
    *             表名
    * @param rowkey
    *             行名
    * @throws IOException
    */
    public void deleteRow(String tablename, String rowkey) throws IOException {
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        HTable table = new HTable(conf, tablename);
        List list = new ArrayList();
        Delete d1 = new Delete(rowkey.getBytes());
        list.add(d1);
        table.delete(list);
        System.out.println("删除行成功！");
    }

    /**
    * 查找一行记录
    * @param tablename
    *             表名
    * @param rowkey
    *             行名
    */
    public static void selectRow(String tablename, String rowKey)
            throws IOException {
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        HTable table = new HTable(conf, tablename);
        Get g = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());
        Result rs = table.get(g);
        for (KeyValue kv : rs.raw()) {
            System.out.print(new String(kv.getRow()) + " ");
            System.out.print(new String(kv.getFamily()) + ":");
            System.out.print(new String(kv.getQualifier()) + " ");
            System.out.print(kv.getTimestamp() + " ");
            System.out.println(new String(kv.getValue()));
        }
    }

    /**
    * 查询表中所有行
    * @param tablename
    */
    public void scanAllRecord(String tablename) {
        try {
            Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tablename);
            Scan s = new Scan();
            ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(s);
            for (Result r : rs) {
                KeyValue[] kv = r.raw();
                for (int i = 0; i < kv.length; i++) {
                    System.out.print(new String(kv[i].getRow()) + " ");
                    System.out.print(new String(kv[i].getFamily()) + ":");
                    System.out.print(new String(kv[i].getQualifier()) + " ");
                    System.out.print(kv[i].getTimestamp() + " ");
                    System.out.println(new String(kv[i].getValue()));
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
    * 删除表操作
    * @param tablename
    * @throws IOException
    */
    public void deleteTable(String tablename) throws IOException {
        try {
            Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
            HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
            admin.disableTable(tablename);
            admin.deleteTable(tablename);
            System.out.println("表删除成功！");
        } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}