英语中的零冠词现象探究

英语中的零冠词现象探究
2011年12月08日
　　               英语中的零冠词现象探究
　　周 晓 光
　　    零冠词，即名词前不使用冠词a, an, the。零冠词常见于各类考试和阅读中，所以很有必要较为全面地总结归纳，以便稳扎稳打地推进高考英语二轮复习。
　　
　　1.       用在物质名词，抽象名词前。 如：1. Fresh water is becoming more and more valuable.  2. Time is money .  3. Knowledge is power.  4. I like music while she likes dancing.  5. Light travels much faster than sound.  6. Cats like fish.  7. Failure is the mother of success.
　　2.       用在某些国家名称，地名，人名，杂志报刊等专有名词前，如：China.  England. Forbidden City . Oxford . Confucius. Mary. China Daily.
　　3.       用在季节，月份，星期，节日，假日，三餐等名词前，如：in winter . in December.  on Monday . have lunch.   It is dry here in autumn. 但美国英语中要用in the fall.  We go to school from Monday to Friday.
　　4.       泛指人或人类，如：Man is fighting against the force of nature bravely all the time.
　　5.       人们所熟悉的事物，如：There is no place like home.
　　6.       用在呼语，称谓，官衔，职位等名词前，如：1. George was made monitor yesterday .  2. He was elected president last year. Simon is captain of the team.  3. This is Mr. Smith, director of our hospital.   4. The soldiers took the American to General Lee.
　　7.       用在学科，语言，棋类，球类等名词前，如：study Japanese . play chess . play football.
　　8.       用在表泛指或类指的复数名词前，如：1. Generally, girls like beautiful clothes more than boys.  2. Tigers belong to the chat family.  3. Tigers are dangerous.  4. They have become vegetarians.
　　9.       用在和by 连用的表交通工具或旅行方式前，如：by train. by air . by plane. by bus .by bike .by water . by land .by ship
　　10.   可数名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格等修饰时，该名词前用零冠词，如：1. They did not complete their experiment.  2. This book is mine.  3. No one is perfect.  4. That is a girl’s school.
　　11.   用在turn 后作表语的名词前，如：1. He promises to turn singer in the future since he has an ear for music.  2. She used to be a teacher till she turned writer.
　　12.   用在某些独立主格结构中，如：1. The woman got on, baby in arms.  2. He went off , gun in hand.  3. In half an hour Delia came, right hand in bandage.
　　13.   用在as 或though 引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词因部分倒装提到句首，该名词前用零冠词，如：1. Child as he is , he can speak five languages.  2. Woman though she is , she is able to do heavy work like a man.
　　14.   用在某些习语中，如：lose heart. Learn ---by heart. In face of .  in need of . on business . by chance. by design. by accident. In front of . in charge of . in possession of . at table . out of question.  at first.  first of all . from first to last.  at work. at home. at night. at least. at most. at last. in bed . on foot. heart and soul.
　　15.    用于某些平行结构中，如：1. Father and son went to Tokyo this morning.  2. She is too young to know the difference between right and wrong. 3. I would like to know about this thing from beginning to end.  4. Latitudes are the lines that go from east to west .     5.Law and order has been established.  6. Ever since then, I have been longing to meet you face to face.  7. They lived together as husband and wife for years.  8. His health weakened day by day.  9. They didn’t know how to put in a central heating system, but they managed it by trial and error.  10. I can’t write without pen or pencil.
　　16.   用于某些疾病名称前，如：anemia(贫血症). appendicitis(阑尾炎). diabetes(糖尿病). Influenza(流感). Pneumonia(肺炎). measles( 麻疹). mumps(腮腺炎). Chicken pox (水痘). Toothache和 stomachache前既可以加a 也可以不加a 用零冠词.  如：1. My brother has influenza.  2. He is suffering from (a) toothache.  3. I have had (a) stomachache all morning.
　　17. 用于某些特殊的个体名词前，表其深层含义，如：school.  college. prison.  market.  hospital.  bed.  class.  town.  church.  court. sea.  Go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去  go to college上大学 go to the college到大学去 go to prison 被监禁 go to the prison 到监狱去（找人，或办事）  go to market上市销售  go to the market去市场 be in hospital 生病住院  be in the hospital 在医院里 go to bed 睡觉  go to the bed 到那张床去  go to class去上课  go to the class 去班级  go to town寻欢作乐，以极大的热情做-----  go to the town到城里去  go to church做礼拜 go to the church到教堂去  go to court起诉，打官司，朝见君主  go to the court 去法院，去宫廷，去球场 go to sea去当水手   go to the sea到海边去
　　18. 序数词用作副词时，用零冠词，如：He came second in the race yesterday.
　　小试牛刀：
　　1.       Alice is fond of playing____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ____ music.
　　A.      /; the   B. /;/  C. the; /  D. the ;the   
　　2.       The rising crime rate in schools has become ___ big problem of ___ society.
　　A.      the; the   B. a;/  C. /; the   D. a; a
　　3.       ----Do you often read____ 21ST CENTURY?
　　----Yeah, it’s ____ very good English newspaper to us young students.
　　A.      the; a   B. the; /  C. /; the   D. /; a 
　　4.       The largest ever ____ 16th Asian Games is ___ huge success and the best ever in history.
　　A.      the; /   B. /; a   C. the; a   D. /; /
　　5.       In communication, a smile is usually ___strong sign of a friendly and ___ open attitude.
　　A.      the; /   B. a; an  C. a; /   D. the; an
　　6.       Dr. Peter Spence, ____ headmaster of the school, told us ,”____ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 
　　A.      /; A   B. /; The   C. the ; The   D. a; A
　　7.       Do you think ___ good knowledge of ___ first aid can really make sense?
　　A.      /; the   B. the; /   C. a; the   D. a;/
　　8.       -----Tina looks especially pretty tonight.
　　-----Yes, she always looks her best in ___ dress of ___ color , light blue.
　　A.      a;  the    B. the; the   C. /; the   D. /; a
　　9.       If you spend ___ time with a baby long enough, you’ll get ___ feeling for how it is feeling.
　　A.      a;  a    B. /; the    C. the ; a   D. the; / 
　　10.   I am sending my assistant to give a speech in ___terms of the project in ___ person of me.
　　A.      /; the    B. the; the   C. /; a   D. the;/
　　11.   Some people fear that ___ air pollution may bring about changes in ___ weather around the world.
　　A.      /; the   B. the;/  C. an; the   D. the; a 
　　12.   Washing machines made by China have won __ world wide attention and Haier has become ____ popular name.
　　A.      a; the   B. /; a   C. /; the   D. the; a 
　　13.   What I need are__ books that contain __ ABC of oil painting.
　　A.      /;/  B. the; /   C. /; the   D. the; the
　　14.   Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up ___ weakening of the human body.
　　A.      a; /   B. /; the   C. a; the   D. /; /
　　15.   The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ___ people from all walks of life are working hard for ____ new Jiangsu .
　　A.      /; a   B. /; the   C. the; a   D. the; the
　　16.   In ___ most countries, a university degree can give you ___ flying start in life.
　　A.      the; a  B. the; /  C. /; /   D. /; a 
　　17.   It’s ___good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ___ pleasure.
　　A.      /; a   B. a; /   C. the; a   D. a; the
　　18.   If we sit near ___ front of the bus, we’ll have ___ better view.
　　A.      /; the   B. /; a  C. the ;a   D. the ;the
　　19.   First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make ___ first impression.
　　A.      a; the   B. the; the  C. a ;a  D. the; a
　　20.   ____ came that whoever has ___ good mastery of English can apply for the position of interpreter.
　　A.      A word; a   B. A word ; /   C. Word; /   D. Word; a
　　21. They decided to study ___ second language so as to find ___ well-paid jobs.
　　A. the; a    B. a; a   C. a ;/  D. the ; the
　　22. As is known to ____ people, drinking too much can lead to ____heart disease. 
　　A. the ; a   B. the ; /   C. /; the    D. /; /
　　23. I dreamed of becoming ___ doctor, while my sister wishes to be an expert in___ education.
　　A. a; /   B. an; the   C. the; the   D. a ; the 
　　24. With her ___ homework finished, Mary was allowed to go to ___ party.
　　A. the; the   B. a ; the   C. the; a   D. /; the .
　　25. To attract more customers, ___ stores often put some clothes on sale.
　　A. the    B. a   C. an   D. /
　　26. Mr. Brown, considered ___ man full of ___ creativity , was appointed to carry out ___ project.
　　A. /; the ; a   B. a ; the; the   C. the; the; a   D. a ;/ ; the 
　　27. The girl cried for help , ___ hands behind ___ back.
　　A. the; the   B. the;/   C. /; the   D. /; /
　　28.  ___fans called out her name ___ instant they saw her.
　　A. The; a   B. A; the   C. /;/  D. /; the
　　29. You are ___ team star! Working with others is really your cup of __ tea.
　　A. a; the   B. a ; /  C. the ; the   D. /; /
　　30. ----Do you enjoy your present job?
　　------Not really. I just do it for __ living.
　　A.     the   B. /  C. a  D. an
　　答案： 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.C. 14.B 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.C 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.D 26.D 27.D 28.D 29.B 30.C