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最新评论
-
qdujunjie:
如果把m换成具体的数字,比如4或者5,会让读者更明白
m阶B树中“阶”的含义 -
java-admin:
不错,加油,多写点文章
关于Extjs的mixins和plugin -
xiehuaidong880827:
你好,我用sencha cmd打包完本地工程后,把app.js ...
ExtJS使用Sencha Cmd合并javascript文件为一个文件 -
KIWIFLY:
lwpan 写道inverse = "true&qu ...
Hibernate中什么时候使用inverse=true -
luedipiaofeng:
good
消除IE stop running this script弹出框
SQL online sample
http://sqlzoo.net/wiki/Main_Page
查询系统全局变量,日期,日期转换,日期加减
select @@ERROR
select OBJECT_ID('tableName/procedureName/...')
select getUTCDate()
select convert(datetime, '01/01/01')
select convert(char(26), getdate(), 109)
select convert(char(26), getUTCdate(), 109)
select dateadd(dd, -8, getUTCdate())
复制数据, copy table data
INSERT INTO targetTable SELECT * FROM sourceTable WHERE CLAUSE
INSERT INTO targetTable(column1, column2, ...) SELECT 'a' as column1, column2, ... FROM sourceTable WHERE CLAUSE
复制copy表结构table schema,从查询结构创建表
SELECT * into tbl_allocation_party_history from tbl_allocation_party where 1=2
不是用insert into ... select 语句
判断表table,存储过程stored procedure是否存在
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.objName') is not null
BEGIN
drop table/procedure dbo.objName
PRINT '<<<Drop table/procedure dbo.objName>>>'
END
判断索引是否存在, check whether the index exists?
IF EXISTS (select 1 from sysindexes where id = OBJECT_ID('tableName') and name = 'indexName')
BEGIN
drop index tableName.indexName
PRINT '<<<drop index tableName.indexName>>>'
END
ELSE
PRINT '<<<skip drop index tableName.indexName due to not existed>>>'
或者
IF EXISTS (select 1 FROM sysindexes s, sysobjects so WHERE s.name = 'my_index' AND s.id = so.id AND so.type = 'U' AND so.name = 'my_table') BEGIN
DROP INDEX my_table.my_index
END
重命名字段的名字
sp_rename 'table1.column1', 'new_column_name'
添加字段
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD new_column varchar(10) NULL
删除字段
alter table table1 drop column_to_be_deleted
修改字段的数据类型,是否为空
alter table table1 modify column_name date null
Insert "Space","new line","tab" characters into a field as value
There are times when you need to insert some special characters such as "newline","tab" etc as values into a field. Usually every one tries with '\n' or '\t', in vain. we can do this by using the ASCII value of the character. The steps are very simple. if you want to insert a special character find the ASCII value of that character like '9 for tab', '12 for new line' etc. you can find the lists of characters with its ASCII values at https://awesomesql.wordpress.com/2009/08/10/ascii-character-set-table. Once this is done, concatenate your string with the character of that particular ASCII value as
this will be
Check table Primary Key/Reference Key/Constraints
sp_helpconstraint tableName
-How to determine a Sybase servers character set and sort order
sp_helpsort
-how to check permissions on a table in sybase
sp_helprotect proc_name
-单引号(')转义
sybase里面用来转义的符号不是"\",而是单引号,所以
So how do you escape quotes in Sybase? In fact, in Sybase SQL the single quote acts as the escape character.
See below for an example UPDATE statement in both “languages”:
MySQL
UPDATE Animals SET NAME = 'Dog\'s friends' WHERE uid = 12
Sybase
UPDATE Animals SET NAME = 'Dog''s friends' WHERE uid = 12
另外"(" ")" ","是不需要转义的
--Get all tables for the specified column
SQL: select b.name as tablename, a.name as columnname
from syscolumns a join sysobjects b on (a.id = b.id)
where b.type='U' and a.name = 'column'
--Get all columns for the specified table
SQL: select b.name as tablename, a.name as columnname
from syscolumns a join sysobjects b on (a.id = b.id)
where b.type='U' and b.name = 'table'
获取Sybase数据库版本信息
There are two ways to know the about Sybase version,
1) Using this System procedure to get the information about Sybase version
SQL: sp_version
2) Using this command to get Sybase version
SQL: select @@version
who am I?
SQL: SELECT user, user_id()
When you are in a database that you own the answer is dbo (database owner). If you USE someone else's database then you get a user id. (the machine being used to connect to MySQL)
--To get list of all users and alias in database
--To get list of all users in database
SQL: use database
select name from sysusers where udi<16384
or
SQL: select name from databasename.dbo.sysusers where udi<16384
--suid is 'server user id ' is reference to sybase login which recorded in master.dbo.syslogins.
--16384 is a magic id number from which group names are recorded in sysusers table. (all with id> 16384 are group names not users)
--There is also what called 'aliases'. To see all sybase login that are aliased to another login in current database:
SQL: select suser_name(suid),suser_name(altsuid) from sysalternates
--Which mean whan anyone named in first column try to access database it will be treated as login from second column.
use master
--Next query will give you sybase database user name and corresponding server login (may be different )
SQL: select l.name,d.name from master.dbo.syslogins l, databasename.dbo.sysusers d where l.suid=d.suid
获取table的lock scheme
1) select lockscheme('tableName')
2) SELECT sysobj.* FROM (
select name, lockscheme(name) lockscheme, type from sysobjects
) as sysobj
where sysobj.type='U' and sysobj.lockscheme != 'datarows'
3) select convert(varchar(30),name) as OBJECT_NAME,
"LOCKING_SCHEME" = case (sysstat2 & 57344)
when 8192 then "all pages"
when 16384 then "datapages"
when 32768 then "datarows"
end
from sysobjects where type in ("U") order by name
SQL for changing the locking scheme for a table
alter table table_name lock {allpages | datapages | datarows}
-Default value
Actually the default value of a column is a constraint for the table, you can use sp_helpconstraint TABLENAME to check.
Firstly we should use create default and drop default to achieve our goal.
To alter a default you need to use replace rather than modify:
alter table downloads replace is_completed default 0
If you need to change the data type or the null/not null then you should use
alter table t modify c
-Identity gap
Managing identity gaps in tables
The IDENTITY column contains a unique ID number, generated by Adaptive Server, for each row in a table. Because of the way the server generates ID numbers by default, you may occasionally have large gaps in the ID numbers. The identity_gap parameter gives you control over ID numbers, and potential gaps in them, for a specific table.
By default, Adaptive Server allocates a block of ID numbers in memory instead of writing each ID number to disk as it is needed, which requires more processing time. The server writes the highest number of each block to the table’s object allocation map (OAM) page. This number is used as the starting point for the next block after the currently allocated block of numbers is used or “burned.” The other numbers of the block are held in memory, but are not saved to disk. Numbers are considered burned when they are allocated to memory, then deleted from memory either because they were assigned to a row, or because they were erased from memory due to some abnormal occurrence such as a system failure.
Allocating a block of ID numbers improves performance by reducing contention for the table. However, if the server fails or is shut down with no wait before all the ID numbers are assigned, the unused numbers are burned. When the server is running again, it starts numbering with the next block of numbers based on the highest number of the previous block that the server wrote to disk. Depending on how many allocated numbers were assigned to rows before the failure, you may have a large gap in the ID numbers.
Identity gaps can also result from dumping and loading an active database. When dumping, database objects are saved to the OAM page. If an object is currently being used, the maximum used identity value is not in the OAM page and, therefore, is not dumped.
Setting the table-specific identity gap
Set the table-specific identity gap when you create a table using either create table or select into.
This statement creates a table named mytable with an identity column:
create table mytable (IdNum numeric(12,0) identity)
with identity_gap = 10
The identity gap is set to 10, which means ID numbers are allocated in memory in blocks of ten. If the server fails or is shut down with no wait, the maximum gap between the last ID number assigned to a row and the next ID number assigned to a row is ten numbers.
If you are creating a table in a select into statement from a table that has a specific identity gap setting, the new table does not inherit the identity gap setting from the parent table. Instead, the new table uses the identity burning set factor setting. To give the new table a specific identity_gap setting, specify the identity gap in the select into statement. You can give the new table an identity gap that is the same as or different from the parent table.
For example, to create a new table (newtable) from the existing table (mytable) with an identity gap:
select IdNum into newtable
with identity_gap = 20
from mytable
http://sqlzoo.net/wiki/Main_Page
查询系统全局变量,日期,日期转换,日期加减
select @@ERROR
select OBJECT_ID('tableName/procedureName/...')
select getUTCDate()
select convert(datetime, '01/01/01')
select convert(char(26), getdate(), 109)
select convert(char(26), getUTCdate(), 109)
select dateadd(dd, -8, getUTCdate())
复制数据, copy table data
INSERT INTO targetTable SELECT * FROM sourceTable WHERE CLAUSE
INSERT INTO targetTable(column1, column2, ...) SELECT 'a' as column1, column2, ... FROM sourceTable WHERE CLAUSE
复制copy表结构table schema,从查询结构创建表
SELECT * into tbl_allocation_party_history from tbl_allocation_party where 1=2
不是用insert into ... select 语句
判断表table,存储过程stored procedure是否存在
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.objName') is not null
BEGIN
drop table/procedure dbo.objName
PRINT '<<<Drop table/procedure dbo.objName>>>'
END
判断索引是否存在, check whether the index exists?
IF EXISTS (select 1 from sysindexes where id = OBJECT_ID('tableName') and name = 'indexName')
BEGIN
drop index tableName.indexName
PRINT '<<<drop index tableName.indexName>>>'
END
ELSE
PRINT '<<<skip drop index tableName.indexName due to not existed>>>'
或者
IF EXISTS (select 1 FROM sysindexes s, sysobjects so WHERE s.name = 'my_index' AND s.id = so.id AND so.type = 'U' AND so.name = 'my_table') BEGIN
DROP INDEX my_table.my_index
END
重命名字段的名字
sp_rename 'table1.column1', 'new_column_name'
添加字段
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD new_column varchar(10) NULL
删除字段
alter table table1 drop column_to_be_deleted
修改字段的数据类型,是否为空
alter table table1 modify column_name date null
Insert "Space","new line","tab" characters into a field as value
There are times when you need to insert some special characters such as "newline","tab" etc as values into a field. Usually every one tries with '\n' or '\t', in vain. we can do this by using the ASCII value of the character. The steps are very simple. if you want to insert a special character find the ASCII value of that character like '9 for tab', '12 for new line' etc. you can find the lists of characters with its ASCII values at https://awesomesql.wordpress.com/2009/08/10/ascii-character-set-table. Once this is done, concatenate your string with the character of that particular ASCII value as
'my string and'+ char(12)+'someting'
this will be
my string and something
Check table Primary Key/Reference Key/Constraints
sp_helpconstraint tableName
-How to determine a Sybase servers character set and sort order
sp_helpsort
-how to check permissions on a table in sybase
sp_helprotect proc_name
-单引号(')转义
sybase里面用来转义的符号不是"\",而是单引号,所以
So how do you escape quotes in Sybase? In fact, in Sybase SQL the single quote acts as the escape character.
See below for an example UPDATE statement in both “languages”:
MySQL
UPDATE Animals SET NAME = 'Dog\'s friends' WHERE uid = 12
Sybase
UPDATE Animals SET NAME = 'Dog''s friends' WHERE uid = 12
另外"(" ")" ","是不需要转义的
--Get all tables for the specified column
SQL: select b.name as tablename, a.name as columnname
from syscolumns a join sysobjects b on (a.id = b.id)
where b.type='U' and a.name = 'column'
--Get all columns for the specified table
SQL: select b.name as tablename, a.name as columnname
from syscolumns a join sysobjects b on (a.id = b.id)
where b.type='U' and b.name = 'table'
获取Sybase数据库版本信息
There are two ways to know the about Sybase version,
1) Using this System procedure to get the information about Sybase version
SQL: sp_version
2) Using this command to get Sybase version
SQL: select @@version
who am I?
SQL: SELECT user, user_id()
When you are in a database that you own the answer is dbo (database owner). If you USE someone else's database then you get a user id. (the machine being used to connect to MySQL)
--To get list of all users and alias in database
select 'user:' 'Type', t1.suid, t1.name 'dbuser', t2.name from sysusers t1, master..syslogins t2 where t2.suid=*t1.suid union select 'alias:' 'Type', t1.suid, ' ' 'dbuser', t2.name from sysalternates t1, master..syslogins t2 where t2.suid=*t1.suid
--To get list of all users in database
SQL: use database
select name from sysusers where udi<16384
or
SQL: select name from databasename.dbo.sysusers where udi<16384
--suid is 'server user id ' is reference to sybase login which recorded in master.dbo.syslogins.
--16384 is a magic id number from which group names are recorded in sysusers table. (all with id> 16384 are group names not users)
--There is also what called 'aliases'. To see all sybase login that are aliased to another login in current database:
SQL: select suser_name(suid),suser_name(altsuid) from sysalternates
--Which mean whan anyone named in first column try to access database it will be treated as login from second column.
use master
--Next query will give you sybase database user name and corresponding server login (may be different )
SQL: select l.name,d.name from master.dbo.syslogins l, databasename.dbo.sysusers d where l.suid=d.suid
获取table的lock scheme
1) select lockscheme('tableName')
2) SELECT sysobj.* FROM (
select name, lockscheme(name) lockscheme, type from sysobjects
) as sysobj
where sysobj.type='U' and sysobj.lockscheme != 'datarows'
3) select convert(varchar(30),name) as OBJECT_NAME,
"LOCKING_SCHEME" = case (sysstat2 & 57344)
when 8192 then "all pages"
when 16384 then "datapages"
when 32768 then "datarows"
end
from sysobjects where type in ("U") order by name
SQL for changing the locking scheme for a table
alter table table_name lock {allpages | datapages | datarows}
-Default value
Actually the default value of a column is a constraint for the table, you can use sp_helpconstraint TABLENAME to check.
Firstly we should use create default and drop default to achieve our goal.
To alter a default you need to use replace rather than modify:
alter table downloads replace is_completed default 0
If you need to change the data type or the null/not null then you should use
alter table t modify c
-Identity gap
Managing identity gaps in tables
The IDENTITY column contains a unique ID number, generated by Adaptive Server, for each row in a table. Because of the way the server generates ID numbers by default, you may occasionally have large gaps in the ID numbers. The identity_gap parameter gives you control over ID numbers, and potential gaps in them, for a specific table.
By default, Adaptive Server allocates a block of ID numbers in memory instead of writing each ID number to disk as it is needed, which requires more processing time. The server writes the highest number of each block to the table’s object allocation map (OAM) page. This number is used as the starting point for the next block after the currently allocated block of numbers is used or “burned.” The other numbers of the block are held in memory, but are not saved to disk. Numbers are considered burned when they are allocated to memory, then deleted from memory either because they were assigned to a row, or because they were erased from memory due to some abnormal occurrence such as a system failure.
Allocating a block of ID numbers improves performance by reducing contention for the table. However, if the server fails or is shut down with no wait before all the ID numbers are assigned, the unused numbers are burned. When the server is running again, it starts numbering with the next block of numbers based on the highest number of the previous block that the server wrote to disk. Depending on how many allocated numbers were assigned to rows before the failure, you may have a large gap in the ID numbers.
Identity gaps can also result from dumping and loading an active database. When dumping, database objects are saved to the OAM page. If an object is currently being used, the maximum used identity value is not in the OAM page and, therefore, is not dumped.
Setting the table-specific identity gap
Set the table-specific identity gap when you create a table using either create table or select into.
This statement creates a table named mytable with an identity column:
create table mytable (IdNum numeric(12,0) identity)
with identity_gap = 10
The identity gap is set to 10, which means ID numbers are allocated in memory in blocks of ten. If the server fails or is shut down with no wait, the maximum gap between the last ID number assigned to a row and the next ID number assigned to a row is ten numbers.
If you are creating a table in a select into statement from a table that has a specific identity gap setting, the new table does not inherit the identity gap setting from the parent table. Instead, the new table uses the identity burning set factor setting. To give the new table a specific identity_gap setting, specify the identity gap in the select into statement. You can give the new table an identity gap that is the same as or different from the parent table.
For example, to create a new table (newtable) from the existing table (mytable) with an identity gap:
select IdNum into newtable
with identity_gap = 20
from mytable
发表评论
-
mysql,oracle,sql server中的默认事务隔离级别
2018-08-02 17:03 646mysql,oracle,sql server中的默认事务隔离 ... -
创建前缀索引报长度超出错误
2018-07-25 15:44 1652表结构定义如下: CREATE TABLE `sku` ( ` ... -
Mysql Varchar字符长度
2018-07-25 15:23 1299`sku_name` VARCHAR(200) NOT NUL ... -
Mysql分表和分区的区别、分库分表介绍与区别
2017-06-14 20:32 1772Mysql分表和分区的区别、分库分表介绍与区别 http:// ... -
Nested Loop Join和子查询
2017-06-03 20:56 676这2个是不同的概念,不要混淆在一起了 Nested Loop ... -
oracle中rownum和rowid的区别
2017-06-03 20:55 957oracle中rownum和rowid的区 ... -
分布式事务XA,JTA,两阶段提交,BASE
2016-06-27 21:45 5625关于分布式事务、两阶段提交、一阶段提交、Best Effort ... -
大数据技能图谱
2016-03-24 13:33 819http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz ... -
Java 方法(JdbcTransactionTemplate)与存储过程共享同一个事务
2016-01-12 19:24 1658如果要让java来管理事务,那么在存储过程里不能写提交(com ... -
Java 平台开发有效事务策略,数据库事务性能
2016-01-11 15:42 815Java 平台开发有效事务策略系列文章 http://www. ... -
SQL语句的where字句表达式顺序影响性能吗?
2015-09-09 13:45 1885比如下面的SQL语句性能有区别吗? select * from ... -
Sybase database Transaction mode: chained and unchained
2015-09-02 10:15 1395Support for Sybase database Tra ... -
聚集索引,非聚集索引,主键,索引类型及实现方式
2015-08-06 11:31 765聚集索引和非聚集索引(整理) http://www.cnblo ... -
Sybase性能调优建议清单
2015-03-17 15:57 1212http://stackoverflow.com/questi ... -
Sybase SQL性能诊断
2015-03-17 11:19 1651Performance and Tuning Series: ... -
left join时on条件与where条件的区别
2015-03-09 17:46 3373参考文章:http://cqujsjcyj.iteye.com ... -
数据库系统基本概念
2014-07-02 18:47 1341数据模型(Data Model)是描述数据、数据联系、数据语义 ... -
乐观锁与悲观锁
2014-06-09 11:57 613Key points: 悲观锁的实现,往往依靠数据库提供的锁机 ... -
数据库事务,锁,隔离级别(Isolation Level)
2014-06-09 11:44 2139数据库的隔离级别2(repeaable read)可实现重 ... -
我的Oracle学习笔记
2014-05-18 13:31 0以前工作中整理的oracle学习笔记,虽然有些凌乱,但是时候自 ...
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支持几乎所有类型的数据库, 包括小型(桌面)数据库:Fox DBF、Microsoft Execl、Text、Borland Paradox、 中型数据库:Microsoft Access 大型数据库:Microsoft SQL Server、Sybase、Oracle <br>...
支持绝大部分数据库,包括大型数据库Oracle,Sybase(包括SQL AnyWhere),DB2,MS_SQL中型数据库MS_Access,MySQL桌面型数据库Paradox,DBF系列数据库,MS_Execl,Text其他支持SQL 92标准的数据库
支持几乎所有类型的数据库, 包括小型(桌面)数据库:Fox DBF、Microsoft Execl、Text、Borland Paradox、 中型数据库:Microsoft Access 大型数据库:Microsoft SQL Server、Sybase、Oracle <br>...
对sql语句的学习,复习都有帮助。 SQL 概述 SQL,一般发音为 sequel,SQL 的全称 Structured Query Language),SQL 用来和数据库打交道,完成和数据库的通信,SQL 是一套标准。但是每一个数据库都有自己的特性别的...
可以直接打开SyBase数据库,可查看数据库结构,但不能写SQL语句,也没有连接语句
11.3 SQL语句关键词高亮度显示 11.4 简单SQL查询语句转换为Delete,Update,Insert语句 11.5 复制为字符串(支持对Java、C#、Delphi、VB、PowerBuilder开发语言的支持) 11.6 灵活的拖放功能 11.7 在线版本...
SQLAnywhere的SQL语句基本上和SybaseAdaptiveServer一致;而且功能也相当强;PowerBuilder5.0以上的版本都自带一个SQLAnywhere。因此,对使用笔记本或单机的开发人员来说,选择SQLAnywhere作为数据库来开发应用程序...
SQL语句通常用于完成一些数据库的操作任务,比如在数据库中更新数据,或者从数据库中检索数据。使用SQL的常见关系数据库管理系统有:Oracle、 Sybase、 Microsoft SQL Server、 Access、 Ingres等等。虽然绝大多数的...
本书提供有关与 Sybase IQ 搭配使用的实用程序的参考资料。实用程 序是指那些可直接从操作系统调用的命令。还有其它书籍提供了有 关如何执行特定任务的详细背景信息。您可使用此参考书来查找可 用的语法、参数和选项...