VMWare 添加虚拟硬盘到 CentOS,自动挂载，清空磁盘

下面，我实例讲解一下添加一个50G的硬盘到 VMWare 的 CentOS 里

转载请注明原文出处：http://www.21andy.com/blog/20120523/2031.html

1. 先查看一下分区
# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
这个是刚才添加的硬盘，找到了!
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

2. 给新加的硬盘 /dev/sdb 分区
# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 6527.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): 53687091200
Value out of range.
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-6527, default 6527):
Using default value 6527

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6527 52428096 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

原文：VMWare 添加虚拟硬盘到 CentOS

3. 格式化它
# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
6553600 inodes, 13107024 blocks
655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4. 再来看一下分区
# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6527 52428096 83 Linux
[root@localhost ~]# /dev/
bus/ fd/ input/ mapper/ pts/ snd/ VolGroup00/
disk/ gpmctl MAKEDEV net/ shm/ .udev/
[root@localhost ~]# /dev/
bus/ fd/ input/ mapper/ pts/ snd/ VolGroup00/
disk/ gpmctl MAKEDEV net/ shm/ .udev/

5. mount 挂载到 CentOS 里
# mkdir /andy
# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /andy
# df -k

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18156292 1392940 15826188 9% /
/dev/sda1 101086 18904 76963 20% /boot
tmpfs 517288 0 517288 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 51605436 184272 48799760 1% /andy

-----------------------------

好吧，不能每一次都挂载把，我得写到fstab里去

# vi fstab

最下面添加一行

/dev/sdb1 /andy ext3 defaults 1 3

最后一个数是启动扫描顺序

好了，以后每不要自己挂载了。

---------------------------------------------

df -aT
NO2. 显示指定文件系统的空间使用情况　
[root@rehat root]# df -t ext3
NO3. 人性化显示各存储空间大小
[root@rehat root]# df -ah
NO4. 有时候挂载了网络文件系统，若只想看本机的文件系统用如下命令
[root@rehat root]# df -ahlT
NO5. 查看某个文件系统的磁盘使用情况
[root@rehat root]# df -h /dev/cdrom

检查目录空间大小的CentOS常用命令

du
NO1. 查看当前文件夹大小
[root@rehat root]# du -sh
NO2. 查看当前文件及文件中包含的子文件夹大小
[root@rehat root]# du -ch
NO3. 查看文件的大小
[root@rehat root]# du -h test1.txt
NO4. 同时查看多个文件的大小
[root@rehat root]# du -h test1.txt test2.txt

du -m --max-depth=1或du -h --max-depth=1du 看看到底哪里占空间比较大