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Java对象与xml转换

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在项目中经常会遇到xml与Object的转换,即java对象序列号为xml文档,xml文档可以反序列化为java对象。目前比较好用的有jaxb和XStream。下面进行分别介绍

一、JAXB

    Java  Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) 是一个业界的标准,是一项可以根据XML Schema产生Java类的技术。

废话不多说,直接上例子,假设我们需要实现一个简单的学校学生系统,我们的java对象如下:

 

/**
 * @author ozl
 * 基类
 */
public abstract class AbstracElement {

	private String address;
	
	private String name;

	/**
	 * @return the address
	 */
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	/**
	 * @param address the address to set
	 */
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	/**
	 * @param name the name to set
	 */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}
//学生对象
public class Student extends AbstracElement {

	// 出生日期
	private XMLGregorianCalendar birthDay;

	/**
	 * @return the birthDay
	 */
	public XMLGregorianCalendar getBirthDay() {
		return birthDay;
	}

	/**
	 * @param birthDay
	 *            the birthDay to set
	 */
	public void setBirthDay(XMLGregorianCalendar birthDay) {
		this.birthDay = birthDay;
	}
}

public class School extends AbstracElement {

	private List<Student> students;

	private int studentCount;
	
	/**
	 * @return the students
	 */
	public List<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the studentCount
	 */
	public int getStudentCount() {
		 studentCount=getStudents().size();
		 return this.studentCount;
	}
}

 jaxb通过注解的关联java对象和序列号的方式,现在我们着重介绍一下常用的xml.binding提供的注解。

 

@XmlAccessorType 控制默认序列号使用javabean的属性或者字段,值为XmlAccessType类型,当为PROPERTY时表示每一个setter/getter方法对都是序列号、FIELD表示字段、PUBLIC_MEMBER表示FIELD或者getter/setter方法。

@XmlRootElement:映射xml的根节点,name和namespace方法

@XmlElement:表示一个子节点,里面可以有name和namespace方法

 

@XmlAttribute:表示属性。

现在我们在上面的java代码上就可以使用上面的注解实现序列化了。

我们在基类AbstracElement中把name作为节点的属性,在address作为字元素处理,代码如下:

 

/**
	 * @return the address
	 */
	@XmlElement(name="address",namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace)
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	@XmlAttribute
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
修改School类如下:
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)  
@XmlRootElement(name="school",namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace)     //定义根节点的名字和命名空间
public class School extends AbstracElement {

	@XmlElement(name="student",namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace )
	private List<Student> students;
//其他的方法省略了
}

@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.PROPERTY)
public class Student extends AbstracElement {

	// 出生日期
	// @XmlElement //如果此时再加上这个注解就会报错,发现两个birthDay属性
	private XMLGregorianCalendar birthDay;

	/**
	 * @return the birthDay
	 */
	@XmlElement(namespace = JaxbTest.default_namespace)
	public XMLGregorianCalendar getBirthDay() {
		return birthDay;
	}
//省略了其他的方法
}

我们的测试代码如下:
public class JaxbTest {

	public static final String default_namespace = "http://www.ozl.com/test.default";
	public static final String extend_namespace = "http://www.ozl.com/test.extend";

	/**
	 * @param args
	 * @throws JAXBException
	 * @throws DatatypeConfigurationException
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws JAXBException,
			DatatypeConfigurationException {
		marshallerXML();
		unmarshaller();
	}

	public static void marshallerXML() throws JAXBException,
			DatatypeConfigurationException {
		JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(School.class);
		School school = new School();
		school.setName("实验");
		school.setAddress("南京雨花台区");
		List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
		school.setStudents(students);

		Student student1 = new Student();
		student1.setName("张三");
		student1.setAddress("南京市xx路");
		XMLGregorianCalendar c = DatatypeFactory.newInstance()
				.newXMLGregorianCalendarDate(2014, 11, 11,
						DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED);
		student1.setBirthDay(c);
		students.add(student1);

		Student student2 = new Student();
		student2.setName("李四");
		student2.setAddress("济南市xx路");
		students.add(student2);

		Student student3 = new Student();
		student3.setName("王五");
		student3.setAddress("济南市xx路");
		students.add(student3);

		Marshaller marshaller = jc.createMarshaller();
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, "GBK");
		marshaller.marshal(school, System.out);
	}

	public static void unmarshaller() throws JAXBException {
		InputStream io = JaxbTest.class.getResourceAsStream("school.xml");
		JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(School.class);
		Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jc.createUnmarshaller();
		School school = (School) unmarshaller.unmarshal(io);
		System.out.println(school.getStudentCount());
	}
}

输出结果为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" standalone="yes"?>
<school name="实验" xmlns="http://www.ozl.com/test.default">
    <address>南京雨花台区</address>
        <student name="张三">
            <address>南京市xx路</address>
            <birthDay>2014-11-11</birthDay>
        </student>
        <student name="李四">
            <address>济南市xx路</address>
        </student>
        <student name="王五">
            <address>济南市xx路</address>
        </student>
</school>

 现在我需要在student的子节点上包装一层节点,需要使用@XmlElementWrapper注解,Student类的students字段上增加如下注解:

	@XmlElementWrapper(name="students",namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace )    //多包一层节点
	@XmlElement(name="student",namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace )
	private List<Student> students;

 如果此时再运行我们的测试代码,输出如下:

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" standalone="yes"?>

<school name="实验" xmlns="http://www.ozl.com/test.default">

    <address>南京雨花台区</address>

    <students>

        <student name="张三">

               <address>南京市xx路</address>

               <birthDay>2014-11-11</birthDay>

         </student>

         <student name="李四">

                  <address>济南市xx路</address>

         </student>

         <student name="王五">

                   <address>济南市xx路</address>

          </student>

         <students>

</school>

现在我需要记录学生的兴趣爱好,在Student类上增加List<String> hobbies字段。我们修改测试代码和Student类如下:

	// 星期爱好
	private List<String> hobbies;
	@XmlElement(name="hobby" ,namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace)    //自定义节点的名字
	public List<String> getHobbies() {
		return hobbies;
	}

修改测试代码的marshallerXML()方法如下:

		JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(School.class);
		School school = new School();
		school.setName("实验");
		school.setAddress("南京雨花台区");

		List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
		school.setStudents(students);

		Student student1 = new Student();
		student1.setName("张三");
		student1.setAddress("南京市xx路");
		List<String> hobbies = new ArrayList<>();
		hobbies.add("游泳");
		hobbies.add("乒乓球");
		student1.setHobbies(hobbies);
		XMLGregorianCalendar c = DatatypeFactory.newInstance()
				.newXMLGregorianCalendarDate(2014, 11, 11,
						DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED);
		student1.setBirthDay(c);
		students.add(student1);

		Student student2 = new Student();
		student2.setName("李四");
		student2.setAddress("济南市xx路");
		hobbies = new ArrayList<>(hobbies);
		hobbies.add(0, "篮球");
		student2.setHobbies(hobbies);
		students.add(student2);

		Student student3 = new Student();
		student3.setName("王五");
		student3.setAddress("济南市xx路");
		hobbies = new ArrayList<>(hobbies);
		hobbies.remove(1);
		student3.setHobbies(hobbies);
		students.add(student3);

		Marshaller marshaller = jc.createMarshaller();
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, "GBK");
		marshaller.marshal(school, System.out);
	

测试结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" standalone="yes"?>
<school name="实验" xmlns="http://www.ozl.com/test.default">
    <address>南京雨花台区</address>
    <students>
        <student name="张三">
            <address>南京市xx路</address>
            <birthDay>2014-11-11</birthDay>
            <hobby>游泳</hobby>
            <hobby>乒乓球</hobby>
        </student>
        <student name="李四">
            <address>济南市xx路</address>
            <hobby>篮球</hobby>
            <hobby>游泳</hobby>
            <hobby>乒乓球</hobby>
        </student>
        <student name="王五">
            <address>济南市xx路</address>
            <hobby>篮球</hobby>
            <hobby>乒乓球</hobby>
        </student>
    </students>
</school>

  发现hobby列了很多子节点,但是我需要序列号为一个节点,这时候可以使用@XmlJavaTypeAdapter来实现自己序列号或者反序列化的规则,现在修改如下:

	/**
	 * @return the hobbies
	 */
	@XmlJavaTypeAdapter(ListXmlAdapter.class)       //自定义序列号和反序列化方式
	@XmlElement(name="hobby" ,namespace=JaxbTest.default_namespace)    //自定义节点的名字
	public List<String> getHobbies() {
		return hobbies;
	}


而ListXmlAdapter类如下:
/**
 * @author ozl
 *
 */
public class ListXmlAdapter extends XmlAdapter<String, List<String>> {

	@Override
	public List<String> unmarshal(String v) throws Exception {
	String[] values = v.split("#");
		return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(values));
	}

	@Override
	public String marshal(List<String> v) throws Exception {
		StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
		for(int i=0;i<v.size()-1;i++)
		{
			buffer.append(v.get(i));
			buffer.append("#");
		}
		if(v.size()>0)
		{
			buffer.append(v.get(v.size()-1));
		}
		return buffer.toString();
	}

}

 此时再运行我们的测试代码,得到的结果如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" standalone="yes"?>

      <school name="实验" xmlns="http://www.ozl.com/test.default">

            <address>南京雨花台区</address>

            <students>

                 <student name="张三">

                       <address>南京市xx路</address>

                       <birthDay>2014-11-11</birthDay>

                       <hobby>游泳#乒乓球</hobby>

                 </student>

                  <student name="李四">

                         <address>济南市xx路</address>

                        <hobby>篮球#游泳#乒乓球</hobby>

                   </student>

                  <student name="王五">

                        <address>济南市xx路</address>

                        <hobby>篮球#乒乓球</hobby>

                  </student>

              </students>

 </school>  

控制序列号的顺序:有的时候我们的xml可能是要符合一定的XSD的,需要指定顺序,@XmlType可以满足我们的要求,

@XmlType(name = "StudentType", namespace = JaxbTest.default_namespace, propOrder = { "hobbies" ,"birthDay"}) // propOrder表示元素系列化的顺序。不能包括父类的字段

 

有的时候我们需要添加一些扩展的元素和属性。 首先看一下如何添加扩展的属性,我们使用@XmlAnyAttribute注解实现,该注解作用的类型必须为Map<QName, String>类型,我们在School中增加 @XmlAnyAttribute //只要定义扩展属性,在xsd中为anyAttribute类型 private Map<QName, String> addationInfo; 修改测试代码如下:

public static void marshallerXML() throws JAXBException,
			DatatypeConfigurationException {
		JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(School.class);
		School school = new School();
		school.setName("实验");
		school.setAddress("南京雨花台区");
		Map<QName, String> schoolAddation = new HashMap<QName, String>();
		QName nameQname = new QName(extend_namespace, "nature", "extend");
		schoolAddation.put(nameQname, "公立");

		school.setAddationInfo(schoolAddation);
		Marshaller marshaller = jc.createMarshaller();
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, "GBK");
		marshaller.marshal(school, System.out);
	}

测试结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" standalone="yes"?>
<school name="实验" extend:nature="公立" xmlns="http://www.ozl.com/test.default" xmlns:extend="http://www.ozl.com/test.extend">
    <address>南京雨花台区</address>
</school>
 @XmlAnyElement定义我们可以扩展元素:
我们在School类中增加如下字段:
 @XmlAnyElement private List<Object> anyExtendElements;

同时需要在school中增加一个校长的子节点,起java类如下:
@XmlRootElement(name="principal",namespace=JaxbTest.extend_namespace)
public class Principal extends AbstracElement {

	private String description;

	/**
	 * @return the description
	 */
	@XmlElement
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	/**
	 * @param description the description to set
	 */
	public void setDescription(String description) {
		this.description = description;
	}
}

此时,我们需要定义个xmlFactory来识别这个类
@XmlRegistry
public class ObjectFactory {

	@XmlElementDecl(name="principal",namespace=JaxbTest.extend_namespace)
	public JAXBElement<Principal> createPrincipal(Principal principal) {
		return new JAXBElement<Principal>(new QName("principal"),
				Principal.class, principal);
	}
}

修改测试代码如下:
public static void marshallerXML() throws JAXBException,
			DatatypeConfigurationException {
		JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(School.class,
				ObjectFactory.class);
		School school = new School();
		school.setName("实验");
		school.setAddress("南京雨花台区");
		Principal p = new Principal();
		p.setName("ozl");
		school.getAnyExtendElements().add(p);
		Marshaller marshaller = jc.createMarshaller();
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
		marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, "GBK");
		marshaller.marshal(school, System.out);
	}

测试结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK" standalone="yes"?>
<ns2:school name="实验" xmlns:ns2="http://www.ozl.com/test.default" xmlns:ns3="http://www.ozl.com/test.extend">
    <ns2:address>南京雨花台区</ns2:address>
    <ns3:principal name="ozl"/>
</ns2:school>

 这样就是用jaxb实现了xml和java对象之间的转换

二、XStream xStream

可以轻易的将Java对象和xml文档相互转换,而且也支持json的转换。我们仍然用School模型来简要介绍XStream。

public abstract class AbstracElement {

	private String address;
	
	private String name;

	/**
	 * @return the address
	 */
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	/**
	 * @param address the address to set
	 */
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	@XmlAttribute
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	/**
	 * @param name the name to set
	 */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}
public class Student extends AbstracElement {

	// 出生日期
	private XMLGregorianCalendar birthDay;

	// 星期爱好
	private List<String> hobbies;

	/**
	 * @return the birthDay
	 */
	public XMLGregorianCalendar getBirthDay() {
		return birthDay;
	}

	/**
	 * @param birthDay
	 *            the birthDay to set
	 */
	public void setBirthDay(XMLGregorianCalendar birthDay) {
		this.birthDay = birthDay;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the hobbies
	 */
	public List<String> getHobbies() {
		return hobbies;
	}

	/**
	 * @param hobbies
	 *            the hobbies to set
	 */
	public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
		this.hobbies = hobbies;
	}
}
public class School extends AbstracElement {

	private List<Student> students;

	private int studentCount;

	/**
	 * @return the students
	 */
	public List<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}

	/**
	 * @param students
	 *            the students to set
	 */
	public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the studentCount
	 */
	public int getStudentCount() {
		studentCount = getStudents().size();
		return this.studentCount;
	}
}
public class XStreamTest {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 * @throws DatatypeConfigurationException 
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws DatatypeConfigurationException {

		XStream xstream = new XStream();      //默认构造函数需要xpp.jar
		xstream.alias("school", School.class);
		
		xstream.alias("student", Student.class);
		xstream.toXML(createStudent(), System.out);
	}

	public static School createStudent() throws DatatypeConfigurationException
	{
		School school=new School();
		school.setName("实验");
		school.setAddress("南京雨花台区");
		
		List<Student> students=new ArrayList<Student>();
		Student student1=new Student();
		student1.setName("张三");
		student1.setAddress("南京市xx路");
		List<String> hobbies = new ArrayList<>();
		hobbies.add("游泳");
		hobbies.add("乒乓球");
		student1.setHobbies(hobbies);
		XMLGregorianCalendar c = DatatypeFactory.newInstance()
				.newXMLGregorianCalendarDate(2014, 11, 11,
						DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED);
		student1.setBirthDay(c);
		students.add(student1);
		
		school.setStudents(students);
		return school;
	}
}

 这样输入的结果如下:

<school>

     <address>南京雨花台区</address>

       <name>实验</name>

      <students>

          <student>

                <address>南京市xx路</address>

                <name>张三</name>

                <birthDay class="com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendarImpl">

                          <year>2014</year>

                          <month>11</month>

                           <day>11</day>

                           <timezone>-2147483648</timezone>

                           <hour>-2147483648</hour>

                          <minute>-2147483648</minute>

                           <second>-2147483648</second>

                   </birthDay>

                    <hobbies>

                         <string>游泳</string>

                         <string>乒乓球</string>

                    </hobbies> </student>

                  </students>

             <studentCount>0</studentCount>

</school>

此时我们不需要实例化school的studentCount属性,我们可以在测试代码中添加如下代码:

xstream.omitField(School.class, "studentCount");//表示序列号忽略该字段,也可以通过注解@XStreamOmitField

 

Xstream默认对List类型多了一层包装,我们可以通过修改如下代码来去掉<students>包装:

xstream.addImplicitCollection(School.class, "students");

而我同时需要把name字段作为一个属性输出,我们可以添加测试代码如下: xstream.useAttributeFor(AbstracElement.class, "name");

 

同样hobbies我们需要实例化一个节点,这个时候我们得提供自定义的序列化方式 xstream.registerLocalConverter(Student.class, "hobbies", new ListXmlConverter()); 其中ListXmlConverter类的代码如下:

public class ListXmlConverter implements SingleValueConverter {

	/* (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see com.thoughtworks.xstream.converters.ConverterMatcher#canConvert(java.lang.Class)
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean canConvert(Class type) {
		if(List.class.isAssignableFrom(type))
		{
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/* (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see com.thoughtworks.xstream.converters.SingleValueConverter#toString(java.lang.Object)
	 */
	@Override
	public String toString(Object obj) {
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		List<String> hobbies=(List<String>) obj;
		StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
		for(int i=0;i<hobbies.size()-1;i++)
		{
			buffer.append(hobbies.get(i));
			buffer.append("#");
		}
		if(hobbies.size()>0)
		{
			buffer.append(hobbies.get(hobbies.size()-1));
		}
		return buffer.toString();
		}

	/* (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see com.thoughtworks.xstream.converters.SingleValueConverter#fromString(java.lang.String)
	 */
	@Override
	public Object fromString(String str) {

		String[] values =str.split("#");
			return new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(values));
	}

}

 同样我们可以自定义birthday属性的序列化和反序列化的方式。

xstream.registerLocalConverter(Student.class, "birthDay", new DateValueConverter()); DateValueConverter的代码如下:

public class DateValueConverter implements Converter {
	@Override
	public boolean canConvert(Class type) {
		if (XMLGregorianCalendar.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public void marshal(Object source, HierarchicalStreamWriter writer,
			MarshallingContext context) {
		XMLGregorianCalendar birthday = (XMLGregorianCalendar) source;
		writer.setValue(birthday.toString());
	}

	@Override
	public Object unmarshal(HierarchicalStreamReader reader,
			UnmarshallingContext context) {
		String value = reader.getValue();
		SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-mm-dd");
		try {
			Date date = format.parse(value);
			XMLGregorianCalendar c = DatatypeFactory.newInstance()
					.newXMLGregorianCalendarDate(date.getYear(),
							date.getMonth(), date.getDay(),
							DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED);
			return c;
		} catch (ParseException | DatatypeConfigurationException e) {
			return null;
		}
	}
}

 我们会发现每次在序列号birthday字段的时候总是会多个一个class属性,看着很是不爽。原来是XStream在序列号的时候会判断字段的类型和实际的类型是否为同一个class。 我们可以通过设置系统别名来去除掉该属性。增加如下代码: xstream.aliasSystemAttribute(null, "class");

 

XStream对命名空间的支持:

并不是所有的XMLDriver都支持命名空间,StaxDriver支持命名空间,我们修改测试代码如下:

 

QNameMap qNameMap=new QNameMap();
		qNameMap.registerMapping(new QName("http://test", "school", "test"), "school");
		StaxDriver staxDriver=new StaxDriver(qNameMap);
		XStream xstream = new XStream(staxDriver);
		xstream.alias("school", School.class);

 这样序列号出来结果如下:

 

<?xml version="1.0" ?><test:school xmlns:test="http://test" name="实验"><address>南京雨花台区</address><student name="张三"><address>南京市xx路</address><birthDay>2014-11-11</birthDay><hobbies>游泳#乒乓球</hobbies></student></test:school>实验

 

 

三、比较(个人意见)

1、jaxb是基于xsd的,对扩展属性和扩展元素命名空间提供了很好的支持

2、jaxb可以是基于属性(getter/setter)方法,而xstream只能支持字段。如果需要序列化的类没有字段(比如所有的东西都存入map中),jaxb可以很轻松的搞定。

3、jaxb是jdk内置的,无需引入额外的jar包

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