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Sofia-SIP

 
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Introduction

Sofia is a SIP stack used by FreeSWITCH. When you see "sofia" anywhere in your configuration, think "This is SIP stuff." It takes a while to master it all, so please be patient with yourself. SIP is a crazy protocol and it will make you crazy too if you aren't careful. Read on for information on setting up SIP/Sofia in your FreeSWITCH configuration.

Sofia Configuration Files, sofia.conf.xml

See Sofia Configuration Files.

What if these commands don't work for me?

Make sure that you are not running another SIP server at the same time as FreeSWITCH. It is not always obvious that another SIP server is running. If you type in Sofia commands such as 'sofia status profile default' and it doesn't work then you may have another SIP server running. Stop the other SIP server and restart FreeSWITCH.

On Linux, you may wish to try, as a superuser (often "root"): 

netstat -lunp | less
# -l show listeners, -u show only UDP sockets,
# -n numeric output (do not translate addresses or UDP port numbers)
# -p show process information (PID, command).  Only the superuser is allowed to see this info

With the less search facility (ususally the keystroke "/"), look for:5060 which is the usual SIP port.

Sofia Recover 

sofia recover

You can ask Sofia to recover calls that were up, after crashing (or other scenarios).

Sofia recover can also be used, if your core db uses ODBC to achieve HA / failover.

For FreeSWITCH HA configuration, see Freeswitch HA.

Flushing and rebooting registered endpoints

You can flush a registration or reboot specific registered endpoint by issuing a flush_inbound_reg command from the console. 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profile_name> flush_inbound_reg [<call_id>|<user@host>] [reboot]

If you leave out <call_id> and/or <user@host>, you will flush/reboot every registered endpoint on a profile.

Reloading profiles and gateways

You can reload a specific SIP profile by issuing a rescan/restart command from the console 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profile_name> [<rescan>|<restart>] reloadxml

The difference between rescan and restart is that rescan will just load new config and not stop FreeSWITCH from processing any more calls on a profile. Some config options like IP address and (UDP) port are not reloaded with rescan.

Deleting gateways

You can delete a specific gateway by issuing a killgw command from the console. 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profile_name> killgw <gateway_name>

Restarting gateways

You can force a gateway to restart ( good for forcing a re-registration or similar ) by issuing a killgw command from the console followed by a profile rescan. This is safe to perform on a profile that has active calls. 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profile_name> killgw <gateway_name>
freeswitch> sofia profile <profile_name> rescan

Adding / Changing Existing Gateways

It will be assumed that you have all your gateways in the /usr/local/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/external directory and that you have just created a new entry. You can add a new gateway to FreeSWITCH by issuing a rescan reloadxml command from the console as seen in the example below. This will load the newly created gateway and not affect any calls that are currently up. 

freeswitch> sofia profile external rescan reloadxml


You now realize that you have screwed up the IP address in the new gateway and need to change it. So you edit your gateway file and make any changes that you want. You will then need to issue the following commands to destroy the gateway, and then have FreeSWITCH reload the changes with affecting any existing calls that are currently up. 

freeswitch> sofia profile external killgw <gateway_name> 
freeswitch> sofia profile external rescan reloadxml

View SIP Registrations

You can view all the devices that have registered by running the following from the console. 

freeswitch> sofia status profile <profile name>
freeswitch> sofia status profile default
freeswitch> sofia status profile outbound

You can also use the xmlstatus key to retrieve statuses in XML format. This is specially useful if you are using mod_xml_rpc.

Commands are as follows: 

freeswitch> sofia xmlstatus profile <profile name>
freeswitch> sofia xmlstatus profile default
freeswitch> sofia xmlstatus profile outbound

List the status of gateways

For the gateways that are in-service: 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profile> gwlist up

For the gateways that are out-of-service: 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profile> gwlist down

Notes:

  • It should be used together with <param name="ping" value="<sec>"/>. See Sofia_Configuration_Files
  • It can also be used to feed into mod distributor to exclude dead gateways.

List gateway data

sofia_gateway_data,<gateway_name> [ivar|ovar|var] <name>,Get data from a sofia gateway,mod_sofia

Debugging Sofia-SIP

The Sofia-SIP components can output various debugging information. The detail of the debugging output is determined by the debugging level. The level is usually module-specific and it can be modified by module-specific environment variable. There is also a default level for all modules, controlled by environment variable #SOFIA_DEBUG.

The environment variables controlling the logging and other debug output are as follows: 

- #SOFIA_DEBUG Default debug level (0..9)
- #NUA_DEBUG User Agent engine (<a href="nua/index.html">nua</a>) debug level (0..9)
- #SOA_DEBUG SDP Offer/Answer engine (<a href="soa/index.html">soa</a>) debug level (0..9)
- #NEA_DEBUG Event engine (<a href="nea/index.html">nea</a>) debug level (0..9)
- #IPTSEC_DEBUG HTTP/SIP authentication module debug level (0..9)
- #NTA_DEBUG Transaction engine debug level (0..9)
- #TPORT_DEBUG Transport event debug level (0..9)
- #TPORT_LOG  If set, print out all parsed SIP messages on transport layer
- #TPORT_DUMP Filename for dumping unparsed messages from transport
- #SU_DEBUG <a href="nea/index.html">su</a> module debug level (0..9)

The defined debug output levels are: 

- 0 SU_DEBUG_0() - fatal errors, panic
- 1 SU_DEBUG_1() - critical errors, minimal progress at subsystem level
- 2 SU_DEBUG_2() - non-critical errors
- 3 SU_DEBUG_3() - warnings, progress messages
- 5 SU_DEBUG_5() - signaling protocol actions (incoming packets, ...)
- 7 SU_DEBUG_7() - media protocol actions (incoming packets, ...)
- 9 SU_DEBUG_9() - entering/exiting functions, very verbatim progress

Starting with 1.0.4, those parameters can be controlled from the console by doing 

freeswitch> sofia loglevel <all|default|tport|iptsec|nea|nta|nth_client|nth_server|nua|soa|sresolv|stun> [0-9]

"all" Will change every component's loglevel

A log level of 0 turns off debugging, to turn them all off, you can do 

freeswitch> sofia loglevel all 0

Sample Export (Linux/Unix)

Alternatively, the levels can also be read from environment variables. The following bash commands turn on all debugging levels, and is equivalent to "sofia loglevel all 9" 

export SOFIA_DEBUG=9
export NUA_DEBUG=9
export SOA_DEBUG=9
export NEA_DEBUG=9
export IPTSEC_DEBUG=9
export NTA_DEBUG=9
export TPORT_DEBUG=9
export TPORT_LOG=9
export TPORT_DUMP=/tmp/tport_sip.log
export SU_DEBUG=9

To turn this debugging off again, you have to exit FreeSWITCH and type unset. For example: 

unset TPORT_LOG

Sample Set (Windows)

The following bash commands turn on all debugging levels. 

set SOFIA_DEBUG=9
set NUA_DEBUG=9
set SOA_DEBUG=9
set NEA_DEBUG=9
set IPTSEC_DEBUG=9
set NTA_DEBUG=9
set TPORT_DEBUG=9
set TPORT_LOG=9
set TPORT_DUMP=/tmp/tport_sip.log
set SU_DEBUG=9

To turn this debugging off again, you have to exit FreeSWITCH and type unset. For example: 

set TPORT_LOG=

You can also control SIP Debug output within fs_cli, the FreeSWITCH client app. 

freeswitch> sofia profile <profilename> siptrace on|off

On newer software release, you can now be able to issue siptrace for all profiles: 

sofia global siptrace [on|off]


To have the SIP Debug details put in the /usr/local/freeswitch/log/freeswitch.log file, use 

freeswitch> sofia tracelevel info           (or any other loglevel name or number)

Profile Configurations

Track Call 

<param name="track-calls" value="true"/>

This will make FreeSWITCH track call state using the call database.

This can be stored in your ODBC database if you have that configured, allowing you to share call state between multiple FreeSWITCH instances.

For FreeSWITCH HA configuration, See Freeswitch HA

Sofia SIP Stack Watchdog

As of October 6, 2010, the Sofia profiles now support a watchdog on the Sofia SIP stack. 

<param name="watchdog-enabled" value="no"/>
<param name="watchdog-step-timeout" value="30000"/>
<param name="watchdog-event-timeout" value="30000"/>

Sometimes, in extremely rare edge cases, the Sofia SIP stack may stop responding. These options allow you to enable and control a watchdog on the Sofia SIP stack so that if it stops responding for the specified number of milliseconds, it will cause FreeSWITCH to shut down immediately. This is useful if you run in an HA environment and need to ensure automated recovery from such a condition. Note that if your server is idle a lot, the watchdog may fire due to not receiving any SIP messages. Thus, if you expect your system to be idle, you should leave the watchdog disabled.

The watchdog can be toggled on and off through the FreeSWITCH CLI either on an individual profile basis or globally for all profiles. So, if you run in an HA environment with a master and slave, you should use the CLI to make sure the watchdog is only enabled on the master. 

sofia profile internal watchdog off
sofia profile internal watchdog on
sofia global watchdog off
sofia global watchdog on

Generally, when running in an HA environment, you will have some sort of resource agent that manages which FreeSWITCH node is the master and which is the slave. You will also likely have demote and promote actions that are performed to switch states. When the demote action is called, it should execute the 'sofia global watchdog off' command. When the promote action is called, it should execute the 'sofia global watchdog on' command.

ACL

You can restrict access by IP address for either REGISTERs or INVITEs (or both) by using the following options in the sofia profile. 

<param name="apply-inbound-acl" value="<acl_list|cidr>"/>
<param name="apply-register-acl" value="<acl_list|cidr>"/>

See ACL for other access controls

See acl.conf.xml for list configuration

Disabling Hold

Disable all calls on this profile from putting the call on hold: 

<param name="disable-hold" value="true"/>

Using A Single Domain For All Registrations

You can force all registrations in a particular profile to use a single domain. In other words, you can ignore the domain in the SIP message. You will need to modify several sofia profile settings.

challenge realm 

<param name="challenge-realm" value="auto_from"/>

Defaults to "auto_to" if not set; default config specifies "auto_from"
Possible Values:

  • auto_from - uses the from field as the value for the SIP realm.
  • auto_to - uses the to field as the value for the SIP realm.
  • <anyvalue> - you can input any value to use for the SIP realm.

force-register-domain 

<param name="force-register-domain" value="$${domain}"/>

This will force the profile to ignore the domain in the to or from packet and force it to the value listed here for this parameter.

This will store the info into the database with the user@<from domain in SIP packet>

force-subscription-domain 

<param name="force-subscription-domain" value="$${domain}"/>

This will force the profile to ignore the domain in the to or from packet and force it to the value listed here for this parameter.

This will store the info into the database with the user@<from domain in SIP packet>

force-register-db-domain 

<param name="force-register-db-domain" value="$${domain}"/>

This will work in conjunction with force-register-domain so that the forced domain is stored in the database also.

Forcing SIP profile to use a static IP address

The default FreeSWITCH configuration will automatically determine the IP address of your local network interface. If you want to manually set the IP (for example, if you have multiple network interfaces on a single machine), you can set the following parameters in the Sofia profile: 

<param name="rtp-ip" value="192.168.1.3"/>
<param name="sip-ip" value="192.168.1.3"/>

where 192.168.1.3 is the IP you want it to bind to.

and also in the sofia.conf.xml file: 

<param name="auto-restart" value="false"/>

This will prevent the profile from automatically restarting when it detects a network address change.

Syntax

Call an extension on a Remote SIP Server

Basic form: 

sofia/<profile>/<extension>@<remoteserver>

Example 1: 

sofia/$${profile}/$1@example.org

Example 2: 

sofia/foo/0@sipphone.com

Where <profile> is the name of one of the profiles defined in sofia.conf.xml. By default, there is one profile defined as name="$${domain}", where the $${domain} variable is defined in freeswitch.xml, and defaults to mydomain.com.

Therefore, if you have not changed these config files and are dialing an extension on a remote server, the config would be 

sofia/mydomain.com/<extension>@<remoteserver>

To list all profiles defined, type sofia status on the CLI.

Call a locally registered endpoint

Basic form: 

sofia/<profile>/<extension>%<localserver>

Example 1: 

sofia/$${profile}/$1%$${domain}

Example 2: 

sofia/foo/101%192.168.1.1

where foo is the SIP profile, 101 is the userid of the registered endpoint, and 192.168.1.1 is the IP address of FreeSWITCH.

If your SIP profile name is set to your domain, or the domain attribute is set in the profile (e.g., <profile name="internal" domain="$${domain}">), you can originate with the following: 

sofia/<profile>/<extension>

And fore-go the domain when dialing local extensions.

Multiple Registrations

Call one extension and ring several phones

You must enable multiple registrations in sofia.conf 

<param name="multiple-registrations" value="true"/>

The most likely place to put this is in a specific profile.

In your dialplan, call the extension using sofia_contact similar to the following: 

<action application="bridge" data="${sofia_contact($${sip_profile}/${dialed_ext}@$${domain})}"/>

sofia_contact also works at the CLI, so you can test before you add it to your dialplan

See Function sofia contact for more information.

Note (this applies to FreeSWITCH 1.0.1 and later): you can disable multiple registrations on a per-user basis by setting the variable "sip-allow-multiple-registrations" to "false" in the directory. In this case, that single user won't be allowed to use multiple registrations.

Registration Count

See API sofia_count_reg for more information.

Flushing Inbound Registrations

From time to time, you may need to kill a registration.

You can kill a registration from the CLI, or anywhere that accepts API commands with a command similar to the following: 

sofia profile <profile_name_here> flush_inbound_reg [optional_callid]

Dial out of a gateway

Basic form: 

sofia/gateway/<gateway>/<number_to_dial>

Example 1: 

sofia/gateway/asterlink/18005551212
Informational Tip

gateway: is a keyword and not a "gateway" name. It has special meaning and tells the stack which credentials to use when challenged for the call. 

<gateway> is the actual name of the gateway through which you want to send the call


Your available gateways (usually configured in conf/sip_profiles/external/*.xml) will show up in sofia status: 

freeswitch#> sofia status

                    Name      Type	                             Data      State
=================================================================================================
                 default      profile          sip:mod_sofia@2.3.4.5:5060      RUNNING (2)
               mygateway      gateway	             sip:username@1.2.3.4      NOREG
  phonebooth.example.com      alias                               default      ALIASED
=================================================================================================
1 profile 1 alias

Modifying the To: header

You can override the To: header by appending ^<toheader>.

Example 1: 

sofia/foo/user%192.168.1.1^101@$${domain}

Specifying SIP Proxy With fs_path

You can route a call through a specific SIP proxy by using the "fs_path" directive. Example:

sofia/foo/user@that.domain;fs_path=sip:proxy.this.domain

Channel Variables

Adding Request Headers

You can add arbitrary headers to outbound SIP calls by prefixing the string 'sip_h_' to any channel variable, for example: 

<action application="set" data="sip_h_X-Answer=42"/>
<action application="bridge" data="sofia/mydomain.com/1000@example.com"/>

Note that for BYE requests, you will need to use the prefix 'sip_bye_h_' on the channel variable.

Informational Tip

While not required, you should prefix your headers with "X-" to avoid issues with interoperability with other SIP stacks. 

All inbound SIP calls will install any X- headers into local variables.
This means you can easily bridge any X- header from one FreeSWITCH instance to another.
To access the header above on a 2nd box, use the channel variable ${sip_h_X-Answer}
It is important to note that the syntax ${sip_h_customer-header} can't be used to retrieve any custom header not starting with X-.
It is because Sofia only reads and puts into variables custom headers starting with X-.

Adding Response Headers

There are three types of response header prefixes that can be set:

  • Response header
    sip_rh_
  • Provisional response header
    sip_ph_
  • Bye response header
    sip_bye_h_

Each prefix will exclusively add headers for their given types of requests - there is no "global" response header prefix that will add a header to all response messages.

For example: 

<action application="set" data="sip_rh_X-Reason=Destination Number Not in Footprint"/>
<action application="set" data="sip_bye_h_X-Accounting=Some Accounting Data"/>

Additional Variables

Additional variables may also be set to influence the way calls are handled by sofia.

For example, contacts can be filtered by setting the 'sip_exclude_contact' variable. Example: 

<anti-action application="set" data="sip_exclude_contact=${network_addr}"/>

Or you can perform SIP Digest authorization on outgoing calls by setting sip_auth_username and sip_auth_password variables to avoid using Gateways to authenticate. Example: 

<action application="bridge" data="[sip_auth_username=secretusername,sip_auth_password=secretpassword]sofia/external/00123456789@sip.example.com"/>

Changing the SIP Contact user FreeSWITCH normally uses mod_sofia@ip:port for the internal SIP contact. To change this to foo@ip:port, there is a variable, sip_contact_user: 

{sip_contact_user=foo}sofia/my_profile/1234@192.168.0.1;transport=tcp

Transcoding Issues

G729 and G723 will not let you transcode because of licensing issues. Calls will fail if for example originating endpoint has set G729 with higher priority and receiving endpoint has G723 with highest priority. The logic is to fail the call rather than attempt to find a codec match. If you are having issues due to transcoding you may disable transcoding and both endpoints will negotiate the compatible codec rather than just fail the call.

disable-transcoding will take the preferred codec from the inbound leg of your call and only offer that codec on the outbound leg.

Add the following command <param name="disable-transcoding" value="true"/> along with <param name="inbound-late-negotiation" value="false"/> to your sofia profile


Example:

Edit This
<configuration name="sofia.conf" description="sofia Endpoint">
   <profiles>
     <profile name="sip">
       <settings>
         <param name="disable-transcoding" value="true"/>
         <param name="inbound-late-negotiation" value="false"/>

Custom Events

The following are events that can be subscribed to via Event Socket

  • sofia::register
  • sofia::unregister
  • sofia::expire
  • sofia::gateway_state
  • sofia::notify_refer

FAQ

Does it use UDP or TCP?

By default it uses both, but you can add;tport=tcp to the Sofia URL to force it to use TCP.

For example: 

sofia/profile/foo@bar.com;transport=tcp

Also there is a parameter in the gateway config: 

<param name="register-transport" value="tcp"/>

That will cause it to use the TCP transport for the registration and all subsequent SIP messages.

Not sure if this is needed or what it does, but the following can also be used in gateway settings: 

<!--extra sip params to send in the contact-->
<param name="contact-params" value="tport=tcp"/>
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