TestNG参数化测试在selenium web automation中的应用

在用selenium做web automation的时候，我们经常需要读取外部的测试数据。对于同一个场景，同一个类操作，去遍历我们的测试数据。这个时候参数化测试就可以派上用场了。

本文阐述如何结合Selenium和TestNG，利用Excel文件存储测试数据写参数化的测试

首先看下TestNG官方网站的一段代码：

//This method will provide data to any test method that declares that its Data Provider
//is named "test1"
@DataProvider(name = "test1")
public Object[][] createData1() {
 return new Object[][] {
   { "Cedric", new Integer(36) },
   { "Anne", new Integer(37)},
 };
}
 
//This test method declares that its data should be supplied by the Data Provider
//named "test1"
@Test(dataProvider = "test1")
public void verifyData1(String n1, Integer n2) {
 System.out.println(n1 + " " + n2);
} 

 所以，我们的思路很简单，只要写一个ExcelReader类，去读取测试测试数据,并以二维数组返回, 再将返回的值传递给我们的测试方法就可以了.以下是getRunData(File file)方法：

// Excel文件中最后一列值为n的行将被忽略，用以管理某个测试是否要执行
public static String[][] getRunData(File file)throws IOException {
		List<String[]> results = new ArrayList<String[]>();
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);  
        POIFSFileSystem POIStream = new POIFSFileSystem(fis);  
        HSSFWorkbook workBook = new HSSFWorkbook(POIStream); 
        HSSFSheet sheet = workBook.getSheetAt(0);             
        int rowSize = sheet.getLastRowNum();
        System.out.println("The row size is: " + rowSize);
        
        for (int rowIndex =1; rowIndex <= rowSize; rowIndex++ ) {
        	HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(rowIndex);
        	int colSize = row.getLastCellNum();
        	HSSFCell lastcell = row.getCell(colSize-1);
        	if (lastcell.getStringCellValue().equalsIgnoreCase("n")){
        		continue;
        	}
        	
        	System.out.println("The column size is: " + colSize);
        	String[] values = new String[colSize-1];
        	Arrays.fill(values, "defaultvalue");
        	for (int columnIndex=0; columnIndex < colSize-1 ; columnIndex++){       		      		
        		String value = "";
        		HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(columnIndex);
        		if (cell != null) {
        			switch (cell.getCellType()) {
        			case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:       				  
                        value = cell.getStringCellValue();  
                        break;  
                    case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:  
                        if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {  
                           Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();  
                           if (date != null) {  
                               value = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(date);  
                           } else {  
                               value = "";  
                           }  
                        } else {  
                           value = new DecimalFormat("0").format(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                        }  
                        break;
                    case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
                        if (!cell.getStringCellValue().equals("")) {  
                           value = cell.getStringCellValue();  
                        } else {  
                           value = cell.getNumericCellValue() + "";   
                        }  
                        break;  
 
                    case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:   
                        break;   
                    case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:   
                        value = "";  
                        break;   
                    case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:  
                        value = (cell.getBooleanCellValue() == true ? "Y" : "N");  
                        break;  
                    default:  
                        value = "default";                    
        			}        			
        		}
        		values[columnIndex] = value.trim();  
        		
        	}
        	results.add(values);             	
        }
        fis.close();
        
        String[][] returnArray = new String[results.size()][rowSize];  
        for (int i = 0; i < returnArray.length; i++) {    
            returnArray[i] = (String[]) results.get(i);     
        }  
        return returnArray; 
		
	}

 以下是测试用例代码：

        // 读取当前包下面同名的.xls文件
        @DataProvider(name = "dcpages")
	public Object[][] createData() throws IOException {
		URL url = DCHelpAllLinksValidationTest.class.getResource(this.getClass().getSimpleName()+".xls");
		File file = new File(url.getPath());
		return  (Object[][]) ExcelReader.getRunData(file);
	}
	//Excel中有效数据有几列，就设置几个测试参数	
	@Test(dataProvider = "dcpages")
	public void verifyPageLinks(String menu, String submenu) throws HttpException, IOException {
		System.out.println(menu+ submenu);
		moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.linkText(menu)));
		String pagelink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(submenu)).getAttribute("href");
		driver.get(pagelink);
				
		Set<String> links = getDCPageLinks();
		assert (links.size()>=1);
		for (String link : links) {
			assert (HttpClientValidation.getHttpResonseCode(httpClient, link)== 200);
		}
		
	}

 运行测试方法后，代码将对Excel文件种最后一列值为非‘n’的所有行进行遍历。每一行测试数据最终将产生一个测试结果。

 

由于每个测试用例还可能需要在不同的测试环境比如dev, uat, prod中运行，测试数据也不一样，所以还可以再写一个String[][] getRunData(File file, String env)方法，针对不同的测试环境自动读取Excel下面不同的sheet