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Android图片压缩(质量压缩和尺寸压缩)

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在网上调查了图片压缩的方法并实装后,大致上可以认为有两类压缩:质量压缩(不改变图片的尺寸)和尺寸压缩(相当于是像素上的压缩);质量压缩一般可用于上传大图前的处理,这样就可以节省一定的流量,毕竟现在的手机拍照都能达到3M左右了,尺寸压缩一般可用于生成缩略图。
两种方法都实装在了我的项目中,结果却发现在质量压缩的模块中,本来1.9M的图片压缩后反而变成3M多了,很是奇怪,再做了进一步调查终于知道原因了。下面这个博客说的比较清晰:

android图片压缩总结

总结来看,图片有三种存在形式:硬盘上时是file,网络传输时是stream,内存中是stream或bitmap,所谓的质量压缩,它其实只能实现对file的影响,你可以把一个file转成bitmap再转成file,或者直接将一个bitmap转成file时,这个最终的file是被压缩过的,但是中间的bitmap并没有被压缩(或者说几乎没有被压缩,我不确定),因为bigmap在内存中的大小是按像素计算的,也就是width * height,对于质量压缩,并不会改变图片的像素,所以就算质量被压缩了,但是bitmap在内存的占有率还是没变小,但你做成file时,它确实变小了;

而尺寸压缩由于是减小了图片的像素,所以它直接对bitmap产生了影响,当然最终的file也是相对的变小了;

最后把自己总结的工具类贴出来:
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Bitmap.Config;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;

/**
 * Image compress factory class
 * 
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class ImageFactory {

	/**
	 * Get bitmap from specified image path
	 * 
	 * @param imgPath
	 * @return
	 */
	public Bitmap getBitmap(String imgPath) {
		// Get bitmap through image path
		BitmapFactory.Options newOpts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
		newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
		newOpts.inPurgeable = true;
		newOpts.inInputShareable = true;
		// Do not compress
		newOpts.inSampleSize = 1;
		newOpts.inPreferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
		return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgPath, newOpts);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Store bitmap into specified image path
	 * 
	 * @param bitmap
	 * @param outPath
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException 
	 */
	public void storeImage(Bitmap bitmap, String outPath) throws FileNotFoundException {
		FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(outPath);
		bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, os);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compress image by pixel, this will modify image width/height. 
	 * Used to get thumbnail
	 * 
	 * @param imgPath image path
	 * @param pixelW target pixel of width
	 * @param pixelH target pixel of height
	 * @return
	 */
	public Bitmap ratio(String imgPath, float pixelW, float pixelH) {
		BitmapFactory.Options newOpts = new BitmapFactory.Options();  
        // 开始读入图片,此时把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设回true,即只读边不读内容
        newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        newOpts.inPreferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
        // Get bitmap info, but notice that bitmap is null now  
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgPath,newOpts);
          
        newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;  
        int w = newOpts.outWidth;  
        int h = newOpts.outHeight;  
        // 想要缩放的目标尺寸
        float hh = pixelH;// 设置高度为240f时,可以明显看到图片缩小了
	    float ww = pixelW;// 设置宽度为120f,可以明显看到图片缩小了
        // 缩放比。由于是固定比例缩放,只用高或者宽其中一个数据进行计算即可  
        int be = 1;//be=1表示不缩放  
        if (w > h && w > ww) {//如果宽度大的话根据宽度固定大小缩放  
            be = (int) (newOpts.outWidth / ww);  
        } else if (w < h && h > hh) {//如果高度高的话根据宽度固定大小缩放  
            be = (int) (newOpts.outHeight / hh);  
        }  
        if (be <= 0) be = 1;  
        newOpts.inSampleSize = be;//设置缩放比例
        // 开始压缩图片,注意此时已经把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设回false了
        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgPath, newOpts);
        // 压缩好比例大小后再进行质量压缩
//        return compress(bitmap, maxSize); // 这里再进行质量压缩的意义不大,反而耗资源,删除
        return bitmap;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compress image by size, this will modify image width/height. 
	 * Used to get thumbnail
	 * 
	 * @param image
	 * @param pixelW target pixel of width
	 * @param pixelH target pixel of height
	 * @return
	 */
	public Bitmap ratio(Bitmap image, float pixelW, float pixelH) {
		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
	    image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, os);
	    if( os.toByteArray().length / 1024>1024) {//判断如果图片大于1M,进行压缩避免在生成图片(BitmapFactory.decodeStream)时溢出    
	        os.reset();//重置baos即清空baos  
	        image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 50, os);//这里压缩50%,把压缩后的数据存放到baos中  
	    }  
	    ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());  
	    BitmapFactory.Options newOpts = new BitmapFactory.Options();  
	    //开始读入图片,此时把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设回true了  
	    newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
	    newOpts.inPreferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
	    Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, newOpts);  
	    newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;  
	    int w = newOpts.outWidth;  
	    int h = newOpts.outHeight;  
	    float hh = pixelH;// 设置高度为240f时,可以明显看到图片缩小了
	    float ww = pixelW;// 设置宽度为120f,可以明显看到图片缩小了
	    //缩放比。由于是固定比例缩放,只用高或者宽其中一个数据进行计算即可  
	    int be = 1;//be=1表示不缩放  
	    if (w > h && w > ww) {//如果宽度大的话根据宽度固定大小缩放  
	        be = (int) (newOpts.outWidth / ww);  
	    } else if (w < h && h > hh) {//如果高度高的话根据宽度固定大小缩放  
	        be = (int) (newOpts.outHeight / hh);  
	    }  
	    if (be <= 0) be = 1;  
	    newOpts.inSampleSize = be;//设置缩放比例  
	    //重新读入图片,注意此时已经把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设回false了  
	    is = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());  
	    bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, newOpts);
	    //压缩好比例大小后再进行质量压缩
//	    return compress(bitmap, maxSize); // 这里再进行质量压缩的意义不大,反而耗资源,删除
	    return bitmap;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compress by quality,  and generate image to the path specified
	 * 
	 * @param image
	 * @param outPath
	 * @param maxSize target will be compressed to be smaller than this size.(kb)
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public void compressAndGenImage(Bitmap image, String outPath, int maxSize) throws IOException {
		ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		// scale
		int options = 100;
		// Store the bitmap into output stream(no compress)
        image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, options, os);  
        // Compress by loop
        while ( os.toByteArray().length / 1024 > maxSize) {
            // Clean up os
        	os.reset();
        	// interval 10
            options -= 10;
            image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, options, os);
        }
        
        // Generate compressed image file
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outPath);  
        fos.write(os.toByteArray());  
        fos.flush();  
        fos.close();  
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compress by quality,  and generate image to the path specified
	 * 
	 * @param imgPath
	 * @param outPath
	 * @param maxSize target will be compressed to be smaller than this size.(kb)
	 * @param needsDelete Whether delete original file after compress
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public void compressAndGenImage(String imgPath, String outPath, int maxSize, boolean needsDelete) throws IOException {
		compressAndGenImage(getBitmap(imgPath), outPath, maxSize);
		
		// Delete original file
		if (needsDelete) {
			File file = new File (imgPath);
			if (file.exists()) {
				file.delete();
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Ratio and generate thumb to the path specified
	 * 
	 * @param image
	 * @param outPath
	 * @param pixelW target pixel of width
	 * @param pixelH target pixel of height
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException
	 */
	public void ratioAndGenThumb(Bitmap image, String outPath, float pixelW, float pixelH) throws FileNotFoundException {
		Bitmap bitmap = ratio(image, pixelW, pixelH);
		storeImage( bitmap, outPath);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Ratio and generate thumb to the path specified
	 * 
	 * @param image
	 * @param outPath
	 * @param pixelW target pixel of width
	 * @param pixelH target pixel of height
	 * @param needsDelete Whether delete original file after compress
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException
	 */
	public void ratioAndGenThumb(String imgPath, String outPath, float pixelW, float pixelH, boolean needsDelete) throws FileNotFoundException {
		Bitmap bitmap = ratio(imgPath, pixelW, pixelH);
		storeImage( bitmap, outPath);
		
		// Delete original file
				if (needsDelete) {
					File file = new File (imgPath);
					if (file.exists()) {
						file.delete();
					}
				}
	}
	
}

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