Android-ListView中getView的原理＋如何在ListView中放置多个item

ListView 和 Adapter 的基础

工作原理:

1. ListView 针对List中每个item，要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
2. 一个新的视图被返回并显示

如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办？为每个项目创建一个新视图？NO!这不可能！

实际上Android为你缓存了视图。

Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件，下图是他的工作原理：

1. 如果你有10亿个项目(item)，其中只有可见的项目存在内存中，其他的在Recycler中。
2. ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
3. 当item1滚出屏幕，并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时，ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了，它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView，不必重新创建一个视图。

请看下面的示例代码，这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出

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public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {   private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;   @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); } setListAdapter(mAdapter); }   private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {   private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater mInflater;   public MyCustomAdapter() { mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); }   public void addItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); }   @Override public int getCount() { return mData.size(); }   @Override public String getItem(int position) { return mData.get(position); }   @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; }   @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView); ViewHolder holder = null; if (convertView == null) { convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder = new ViewHolder(); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; }   }   public static class ViewHolder { public TextView textView; } }

执行程序，然后在Logcat中查看日志

getView 被调用 9 次 ，convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值（如下）

02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null
02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null
02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null
02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null
02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null
02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null
02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null
02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null
02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null

然后稍微向下滚动List，直到item10出现：

convertView仍然是空值，因为recycler中没有视图（item1的边缘仍然可见，在顶端）

02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null

再滚动List

convertView不是空值了！item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了，然后item11被创建

view sourceprint?

02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

再滚动：

view sourceprint?

02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0

02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8

02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8

02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820

02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048

02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870

02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098

02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0

02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0

02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

convertView 如我们所期待的非空了，在item11离开屏幕之后，它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了

不同的项目布局(item layout)

我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子，在上例的list中加入一些分隔线

你需要做这些:

1. 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
2. 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
3. 根据view item的类型，在getView中创建正确的convertView

以下是代码：

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public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {   private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;   @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); if (i % 4 == 0) { mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i); } } setListAdapter(mAdapter); }   private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {   private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0; private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1; private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;   private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater mInflater;   private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet();   public MyCustomAdapter() { mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); }   public void addItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); }   public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); // save separator position mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1); notifyDataSetChanged(); }   @Override public int getItemViewType(int position) { return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM; }   @Override public int getViewTypeCount() { return TYPE_MAX_COUNT; }   @Override public int getCount() { return mData.size(); }   @Override public String getItem(int position) { return mData.get(position); }   @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; }   @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder = null; int type = getItemViewType(position); System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type); if (convertView == null) { holder = new ViewHolder(); switch (type) { case TYPE_ITEM: convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); break; case TYPE_SEPARATOR: convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator); break; } convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; }   }   public static class ViewHolder { public TextView textView; } }

运行程序，你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志，无异常，所有的convertView都是空的

view sourceprint?

02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1

02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1

滚动list：

view sourceprint?

02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0

02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0

02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0

02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1

02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0

02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0

02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0

02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0

02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1

02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0

02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0

convertView对于分割线是空的，直到第一个分割线可见，当其离开屏幕，视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。

本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296

代码下载：

点击链接下载MultipleItemsList