Android 浮动搜索框的使用

原文地址：Android 浮动搜索框的使用作者：小强

当你需要在应用程序中提供搜索服务时，你第一个想到的是搜索框要放哪呢？其实Android已经为我们提供了一个浮动搜索框。Android手机上有一个专门的搜索按钮，用于处理搜索服务（当然有的定制版阉割了此按钮）。下面通过一个简单的搜索示例，展示Android浮动搜索框的用法。

首先展示一下我demo示例的项目结构，如下图：

 

其中 

• MainActivity.java 是应用程序的第一个Activity
• SearchResultActivity.java 是搜索结果Activity
• SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.java 是搜索建议提供类
• searchable.xml是搜索框的布局文件

1）首先在res目录下建立xml/searchable.xml布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<searchable xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:label="@string/search_label"

android:hint="@string/search_hint"

android:searchMode="showSearchLabelAsBadge"

<!-- 搜索建议提供类-->

android:searchSuggestAuthority="org.freedom.search.SearchSuggestionSampleProvider"

android:searchSuggestSelection=" ? "

>

</searchable> 

2）strings.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>

    <string name="hello">搜索浮动框</string>

    <string name="app_name">搜索浮动框示例</string>

    <string name="search_label">搜索</string>

    <string name="search_hint">请输入搜索关键字</string>

</resources>

3) 应用主界面 MainActivity.java

package org.freedom.search;

import org.freedom.search.R;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

     setContentView(R.layout.main);

    }

}

4）搜索结果界面 SearchResultActivity.java

package org.freedom.search;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.SearchManager;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.provider.SearchRecentSuggestions;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class SearchResultActivity extends Activity {

private TextView result = null;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

result = new TextView(this);

setContentView(result);

setTitle("搜索结果");

Intent intent = getIntent();

if(Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())){

String queryKeyword = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);

saveRecentSearchHistory(queryKeyword);

doSearch(queryKeyword);

}

}

//保存最近搜索的关键字记录

private void saveRecentSearchHistory(String queryKeyword) {

SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions = new SearchRecentSuggestions(this,

SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.AUTHORITY, SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.MODE);

suggestions.saveRecentQuery(queryKeyword, null);

}

//清除最近搜索的关键字记录

private void clearRecentSearchHistory() {

SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions =new SearchRecentSuggestions(this, 

SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.AUTHORITY, SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.MODE);

suggestions.clearHistory();

}

private void doSearch(String queryKeyword) {

result.setText("Your search keyword is : " queryKeyword);

}

@Override

protected void onDestroy() {

clearRecentSearchHistory();

super.onDestroy();

}

}

5）搜索建议提供类 SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.java

package org.freedom.search;

import android.content.SearchRecentSuggestionsProvider;

public class SearchSuggestionSampleProvider extends SearchRecentSuggestionsProvider{

public final static String AUTHORITY = SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.class.getName();

public final static int MODE = DATABASE_MODE_QUERIES;

public SearchSuggestionSampleProvider() {

super();

setupSuggestions(AUTHORITY, MODE);

}

}

6）AndroidMainfest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

      package="org.freedom.search"

      android:versionCode="1"

      android:versionName="1.0">

    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"

                  android:label="@string/app_name">

            <intent-filter>

                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>

        </activity>

        <activity android:name=".SearchResultActivity">

         <intent-filter>

         <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />

         </intent-filter>

         <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable" android:resource="@xml/searchable"/>

        </activity>

        

        <!-- 这个配置就可以让你在整个应用程序中调用搜索框 -->

     <meta-data android:name="android.app.default_searchable" android:value=".SearchResultActivity" />

<!-- 配置搜索建议提供方 -->

<provider android:name="SearchSuggestionSampleProvider"

android:authorities="org.freedom.search.SearchSuggestionSampleProvider">

</provider>

    </application>

</manifest>

运行效果如下图：

 

 

 

 

 

注意：如果你的应用是直接在当前界面搜索，并在当前界面显示结果（也就是所在SearchResultActivity.java搜索，并在该界面显示）。那么上面的代码需要做如下调整。

调整后的SearchResultActivity.java文件如下：

package org.freedom.search;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.SearchManager;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.provider.SearchRecentSuggestions;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class SearchResultActivity extends Activity {

private TextView result = null;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

result = new TextView(this);

setContentView(result);

setTitle("搜索结果");

doSearch(getIntent());

}

@Override

protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {

setIntent(intent);

doSearch(intent);

}

private void saveRecentSearchHistory(String queryKeyword) {

SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions = new SearchRecentSuggestions(this,

SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.AUTHORITY, SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.MODE);

suggestions.saveRecentQuery(queryKeyword, null);

}

private void clearRecentSearchHistory() {

SearchRecentSuggestions suggestions =new SearchRecentSuggestions(this, 

SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.AUTHORITY, SearchSuggestionSampleProvider.MODE);

suggestions.clearHistory();

}

private void doSearch(Intent intent) {

if(Intent.ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())){

String queryKeyword = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.QUERY);

saveRecentSearchHistory(queryKeyword);

result.setText("Your search keyword is : " queryKeyword);

}

}

@Override

protected void onDestroy() {

clearRecentSearchHistory();

super.onDestroy();

}

}

同时需要修改AndroidManifest,xml文件（-号代表删除， 号代表添加）

-<activity android:name=".SearchResultActivity">

<activity android:name=".SearchResultActivity" android:launchMode="singleTop">