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zookeeper实战:ConfigServer代码样例

 
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ConfigServer从业务需要上来说,作为一个全局配置管理中心,负责保存公用服务中的服务接口/server配置/通讯网关/全局权限等;对服务消费方而言,可以良好的解偶对硬编码配置的依赖,并可以实现服务的动态管理等。

系统配置数据普遍具有“类别多”,“数据小”,“非关系型”,并要求存储系统具备高效的存取能力和健壮性,本例使用zookeeper来简单实现此功能。如下代码仅作参考。

 

1. TestMain.java:测试引导类。

2. ConfigManager.java: 配置管理类,负责管理“服务类型”(serverType).可以通过向configManager提交“服务类型”,configManager将会把此类型交付给zookeeper持久存储,服务类型创建成功后,configServer实例就可以在此类型下挂载数据。

3. ConfigServer.java: 配置生成类,负责向zookeeper提交数据,不过只能在其所属的serverType下生成子节点,那么此子节点就可以挂载当前server的信息,此例中假定数据为 ip + port字符串。

4. ConfigClient.java:配置消费类,负责从zookeeper中获得其感兴趣的serverType的数据集合。每个client可以获得多种serverType数据。

 

因为zookeeper系统本身提供了watch机制,因为对数据的“异步获取”提供了有利的条件,同时因为zk对网络IO有较强的敏感性,watch事件本身也是“即发即失”,因为需要考虑client/manager/server三种角色中网络失效情况下的补救措施,或者“容忍”。

设计思路已经在代码注释中标明,如有不妥,请多多指教。

 

TestMain.java

package com.sample.zk.cs;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.NodeExistsException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.States;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

/**
 * @author qing
 * 假设一种场景:服务A向ZK注册自己的服务信息,比如IP + Port;客户端B向ZK获取服务的列表,并使用服务。
 * 比如CacheServer向zk注册ip和客户端port;其他client端可以向zk获取cacheserver的ip + port,以便此后建立链接。
 */
public class TestMain {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String serverType = "cache-server";
		//测试
		try{
			ConfigManager manager = new ConfigManager(true);
			manager.add(serverType);
			ConfigServer s1 = new ConfigServer(serverType);
			ConfigServer s2 = new ConfigServer(serverType,true);
			ConfigServer s3 = new ConfigServer(serverType);
			ConfigClient c1 = new ConfigClient(serverType);
			ConfigClient c2 = new ConfigClient(serverType);
			ConfigClient c3 = new ConfigClient(serverType);
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++");
			System.out.println("S1" + s1.getPath());//注意zk链接,是异步的,有可能此处为 null
			System.out.println("S2" + s2.getPath());
			System.out.println("S3" + s3.getPath());
			while(true){
				System.out.println("-------------------------");
				Set<String> l1 = c1.getServers(serverType);//结果可能为null
				if(l1 == null){
					System.out.println("l1 is null...");
				}else{
					for(String path : l1){
						System.out.println("l1:" + path);
					}
				}
				
				Set<String> l2 = c2.getServers(serverType);
				if(l2 == null){
					System.out.println("l2 is null...");
				}else{
					for(String path : l2){
						System.out.println("l2:" + path);
					}
				}
				
				Set<String> l3 = c3.getServers(serverType);
				if(l3 == null){
					System.out.println("l3 is null...");
				}else{
					for(String path : l3){
						System.out.println("l3:" + path);
					}
				}
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			}
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
}

 

ConfigManager.java

package com.sample.zk.cs;

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.NodeExistsException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.States;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

/**
 * 负责管理所有的“serverType”,对于zk而言,负责创建/删除一级节点。每个一级节点表示一个“serverType”。
 * 每个serverType都有多个子节点,子节点由configServer实例负责注册。
 * @author qing 
 */
public class ConfigManager {

	Set<String> serverTypes = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<String>();
	private ZooKeeper zkClient;
	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();//同步锁,事实上本例可以不用。。仅供参考
	
	// 当zk环境故障时,是否自动重连,自动重连就意味着开启守护线程检测zk环境,
	// 此方式适用于zk client不关心session过期,“session重建”带来的数据变更(例如临时节点)不会造成系统异常情况下
	private boolean autoReconnected = false;
	private Thread thread = null;
	private Watcher dw = new InnerZK();// default watcher
	
	private boolean outdate = false;
	//数据是否过期,在autoReconnected情况下使用,如果没有采用“自动重连”,在session过期后,将不会重建session,
	//并把outdate标记为true


	public ConfigManager() {
		this(false);
	}

	/**
	 * 首次链接必须正常,自动重连,将不会对“首次链接”起作用
	 * 
	 * @param autoReconneted
	 */
	public ConfigManager(boolean autoReconneted) {
		this.autoReconnected = autoReconneted;
		if (this.autoReconnected) {
			thread = new Thread(new FailureHandler());
			thread.setDaemon(true);
			thread.start();
		}else{
			try {
				// 回话重建等异常行为
				zkClient = new ZooKeeper(Constants.connectString, 3000, dw, false);
				System.out.println("Reconnected success!...");
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			} 
		}
	}

	public void add(String path) {
		serverTypes.add("/" + path);
		rebuild();
	}

	public void remote(String path) {
		serverTypes.remove(path);
	}
	
	public Set<String> getServerTypes(){
		return serverTypes;
	}

	public boolean isOutdate() {
		return outdate;
	}
	
	
	////////////////////////////////////////////////inner work//////////////////////////////////
	
	
	/**
	 * 创建所有serverType的跟节点,比如/cache-server,所有一级节点由此类统一负责创建。
	 */
	private void rebuild() {
		lock.lock();
		if (zkClient == null || !zkClient.getState().isConnected()) {
			return;
		}
		for (String path : serverTypes) {
			try {
				Stat stat = zkClient.exists(path, false);
				if (stat == null) {
					try {
						zkClient.create(path, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
					} catch (NodeExistsException ne) {
						// 如果多个manager同时创建节点,可能会导致此异常,此处忽略它。
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				lock.unlock();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * watcher,负责处理事件或者异步操作(本代码实例,未展示异步操作)
	 * 
	 * @author qing
	 * 
	 */
	class InnerZK implements Watcher {

		public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
			// 如果是“数据变更”事件,忽略
			if (event.getType() != EventType.None) {
				return;
			}
			// 如果是链接状态迁移
			// 参见keeperState
			switch (event.getState()) {
			case SyncConnected:
				System.out.println("Connected...");
				rebuild();// 每次重连,都检测一下数据状态。
				outdate = false;
				break;
			case Expired:
				System.out.println("Expired...");
				// session重建
				outdate = true;
				break;
			// session过期
			case Disconnected:
				// 链接断开,或session迁移
				System.out.println("Connecting....");
				break;
			case AuthFailed:
				if (autoReconnected && thread.isAlive()) {
					thread.interrupt();
				}
				throw new RuntimeException("ZK Connection auth failed...");
			default:
				break;
			}

		}

	}

	class FailureHandler implements Runnable {
		/**
		 * zk故障担保线程,如果需要故障检测或者容错,请将此实例交付给单独线程执行
		 * 比如:因为网络问题,zk实例将可能长时间处于无法链接状态,或者其它异常,导致zk实例化出错等
		 */
		public void run() {
			try {
				int i = 0;
				int l = 100;// 每次重建,将时间延迟100ms
				while (true) {
					System.out.println("Manager handler,running...tid: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					if (zkClient == null || (zkClient.getState() == States.NOT_CONNECTED || zkClient.getState() == States.CLOSED)) {
						lock.lock();
						try {
							// 回话重建等异常行为
							zkClient = new ZooKeeper(Constants.connectString, 3000, dw, false);
							System.out.println("Reconnected success!...");
						} catch (Exception e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
							i++;
							Thread.sleep(3000 + i * l);// 在zk环境异常情况下,每3秒重试一次
						} finally {
							lock.unlock();
						}
						continue;
					}
					
					if(zkClient.getState().isConnected()){
						Thread.sleep(3000);// 如果被“中断”,直接退出
						i = 0;
					}

				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				System.out.println("Exit...");
				if(zkClient != null){
					try{
						zkClient.close();
					}catch(Exception ze){
						ze.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

}

 

ConfigServer.java

 

package com.sample.zk.cs;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.NodeExistsException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.States;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

/**
 * configServer,负责向zk注册当前server的信息,可被configClient获得信息。
 * @author qing
 *
 */
public class ConfigServer {

	private ZooKeeper zkClient;
	private String path;
	private String serverType;// 当前configServer的类型,我们假设一个configServer实例持有一种“serverType”
	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private boolean autoReconnected = false;
	private Thread thread = null;
	private Watcher dw = new InnerZK();// default watcher

	private boolean outdate = false;
	// 数据是否过期,在autoReconnected情况下使用,如果没有采用“自动重连”,在session过期后,将不会重建session,并把outdate标记为true

	// 控制首次访问
	private Object tag = new Object();
	private boolean init = false;

	public ConfigServer(String serverType) {
		this(serverType, false);
	}

	public ConfigServer(String serverType, boolean autoReconnected) {
		this.serverType = serverType;
		this.autoReconnected = autoReconnected;
		if (this.autoReconnected) {
			thread = new Thread(new FailureHandler());
			thread.setDaemon(true);//
			thread.start();
		} else {
			try {
				// 回话重建等异常行为
				zkClient = new ZooKeeper(Constants.connectString, 3000, dw, false);
				System.out.println("Reconnected success!...");
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		}
	}

	public boolean isOutdate() {
		return outdate;
	}

	/**
	 * 注册server信息,从zk角度来说,就是创建serverType的一个子节点。
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	private boolean register() {
		lock.lock();
		init = false;
		try {
			Stat stat = zkClient.exists("/" + serverType, true);// 注册“父节点”watch,跟踪父节点的创建/删除
			// 创建跟节点:/cache-server
			// 如果跟节点不存在,则等待configManager去创建,创建成功后,将会在下文的watch事件中创建此子节点。
			if (stat == null) {
				return false;
			}
			// 创建临时子节点:/cache-server/cs01;
			Random r = new Random();
			String data = "127.0.0.1:" + r.nextInt(65535);// tmp data,模拟一个ip +
															// port参数
			path = zkClient.create("/" + serverType + "/id_", data.getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
			System.out.println("Register path:" + path);
			init = true;
			synchronized (tag) {
				tag.notifyAll();
			}
		} catch (NodeExistsException ne) {
			// ignore.
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
		return true;
	}

	public String getPath() {
		synchronized (tag) {
			while (!init) {
				try {
					tag.wait();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		return path;
	}

	class InnerZK implements Watcher {

		public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
			// 如果是“数据变更”事件
			if (event.getType() != EventType.None) {
				switch (event.getType()) {
				// 如果其父节点(/serverType)被创建,
				// 此时configServer也开始注册其子节点信息,watcher在下文中SyncConnected中注册。
				case NodeCreated:
					register();
					break;
				case NodeDeleted:
					// 如果父节点被删除,那么此后子节点也将不复存在
					path = null;
					register();// 注册watch,检测父节点/serverType再次创建。
					break;
				default:
					break;
				}
				return;
			}
			// 如果是链接状态迁移
			// 参见keeperState
			switch (event.getState()) {
			case SyncConnected:
				System.out.println("Connected...");
				// 如果path == null,则表明是首次链接或者session重建。
				if (path == null) {
					try {
						register();// 创建子节点,并对其父节点注册watch。
						outdate = false;
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				break;
			case Expired:
				System.out.println("Expired...");
				outdate = true;
				init = true;
				synchronized (tag) {
					tag.notifyAll();
				}
				break;
			// session过期
			case Disconnected:
				// 链接断开,或session迁移
				System.out.println("Connecting....");
				break;
			case AuthFailed:
				init = true;
				synchronized (tag) {
					tag.notifyAll();
				}
				if (autoReconnected && thread.isAlive()) {
					thread.interrupt();
				}
				throw new RuntimeException("ZK Connection auth failed...");
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	class FailureHandler implements Runnable {

		public void run() {
			try {
				int i = 0;
				int l = 10;
				while (true) {
					System.out.println("Server handler,running...tid: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					if (zkClient == null || (zkClient.getState() == States.NOT_CONNECTED || zkClient.getState() == States.CLOSED)) {
						lock.lock();
						try {
							// 回话重建等异常行为
							zkClient = new ZooKeeper(Constants.connectString, 3000, dw, false);
							System.out.println("Reconnected success!...");
						} catch (Exception e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
							i++;
							Thread.sleep(3000 + i * l);// 在zk环境异常情况下,每3秒重试一次
						} finally {
							lock.unlock();
						}
						continue;
					}
					if (zkClient.getState().isConnected()) {
						Thread.sleep(3000);// 如果被“中断”,直接退出
						i = 0;
					}
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				System.out.println("Exit...");
				if (zkClient != null) {
					try {
						zkClient.close();
					} catch (Exception ze) {
						ze.printStackTrace();
					}
				}

			}

		}
	}

}

 

 

ConfigClient.java

package com.sample.zk.cs;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.States;

/**
 * configServer注册的数据,configClient消费。设计思路和configServer一致。
 * 针对client获取数据的方式很多,如下是2中思路 1) 使用zk watch,当数据变更时即使获取 2) 开启守护线程,间歇性读取
 * 这两中方式各有优缺点,使用watch,间接的增加了zk环境的事件push的压力和“波及面”,当客户端为N,每个客户端wath的节点数为M
 * 那么在极端情况下,zk需要分发的watch个数为M*N,而且可能因为configServer的数据变更较多,导致watch处罚次数较多。
 * 同时因为网络问题,client可能丢失某些事件而导致无法及时获取数据。
 * 
 * 如果使用2),直接避免了1)所带来的问题,但是因为间歇性的读取,可能导致zk数据变更无法被即使获得。同时还有其他的问题,比如如果当前
 * client所关注的serverType集合较大,而且数据尺寸较大,可能会导致每次全量读取都会消耗较长的时间和网络IO,如果“间歇时间”较短 +
 * 数据较大, 也会对整个环境有很大影响。
 * 
 * 不过,此实例假设configServer所注册的数据较小,configClient与zk之间的网络情况较佳。因此我决定采取2)
 * 
 * @author qing
 * 
 */
public class ConfigClient {

	private ZooKeeper zkClient;
	// inner cache;key:serverType,value:serverList
	private Map<String, Set<String>> servers = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Set<String>>();
	// 当前configClient需要获取的数据分类。即当前client对何种serverType感兴趣
	private Set<String> serverTypes = new HashSet<String>();
	private Watcher dw = new InnerZK();// 只关注链接状态迁移事件,区别于configServer

	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

	// 对于首次链接,或者网络异常进行一次阻塞方式的数据同步,将阻塞其他线程对client的操作。
	private Object tag = new Object();
	private boolean init = false;// 是否已经初始化

	private Thread thread = new DumpThread();// 数据同步线程

	public ConfigClient(String... types) {
		if (types == null || types.length == 0) {
			throw new RuntimeException("ConfigClient,serverTypes cant be empty..please check!");
		}
		for (String type : types) {
			if (type == null || type.isEmpty() || type.contains("/")) {
				System.out.println("ConfigClient,ignore :" + type);
				continue;
			}
			serverTypes.add(type);
		}
		thread.setDaemon(true);
		thread.start();
	}

	/**
	 * 获得指定serverType的节点数据
	 * 
	 * @param serverType
	 * @return
	 */
	public Set<String> getServers(String serverType) {
		synchronized (tag) {
			while (!init) {
				try {
					// 阻塞直到成功,在链接异常时的dump期间,所有客户端访问需要阻塞;在dumpThread中dump,不会阻塞。
					// 当然你可以设计为不阻塞。
					// 不过需要注意“首次实例化一定要阻塞”,因为configClient实例化zk是在dumpThread中,
					// 如果执行new ConfigClient()之后,立即调用getServers方法,可能导致一个调用者获得空集合;
					tag.wait();
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		if (servers.containsKey(serverType)) {
			return Collections.unmodifiableSet(servers.get(serverType));
		}
		return null;//
	}

	public Set<String> getServerTypes() {
		return serverTypes;
	}

	// ///////////////////////////////////////////inner
	// work////////////////////////////

	/**
	 * 和zk同步数据
	 */
	private void dump() {
		lock.lock();
		try {
			for (String serverType : serverTypes) {
				dump(serverType);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 同步制定serverType的数据
	 * 
	 * @param serverType
	 */
	private void dump(String serverType) {
		lock.lock();
		try {
			String parent = "/" + serverType;
			List<String> children = zkClient.getChildren(parent, false, null);// 注册watch
			if (children == null || children.isEmpty()) {
				return;
			}
			Set<String> snap = new HashSet<String>();;
			for (String path : children) {
				byte[] data = zkClient.getData(parent + "/" + path, false, null);
				snap.add(new String(data));
			}
			servers.put(serverType, snap);// 直接替换
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}

	class InnerZK implements Watcher {

		public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
			// 如果是“数据变更”事件,不关注数据变更事件,事实上,我们也不会注册此类型事件
			if (event.getType() != EventType.None) {
				return;
			}
			// 如果是链接状态迁移
			// 参见keeperState
			switch (event.getState()) {
			case SyncConnected:
				System.out.println("Connected...");
				init = false;
				dump();// 每次链接重建,都需要手动dump一下数据
				init = true;
				synchronized (tag) {
					tag.notifyAll();
				}
				break;
			case Expired:
				System.out.println("Expired...");
				// 将在DumpThread中自动创建
				break;
			// session过期
			case Disconnected:
				// 链接断开,或session迁移
				System.out.println("Connecting....");
				break;
			case AuthFailed:
				init = true;
				synchronized (tag) {
					tag.notifyAll();
				}
				if (thread.isAlive()) {
					thread.interrupt();
					servers.clear();
				}
			default:
				break;
			}

		}

	}

	class DumpThread extends Thread {

		@Override
		public void run() {
			try {
				Random r = new Random();
				int i = 0;
				while (true) {
					System.out.println("Client handler,running...tid: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
					// 如果zk尚未实例化,或者链接异常
					if (zkClient == null || (zkClient.getState() == States.NOT_CONNECTED || zkClient.getState() == States.CLOSED)) {
						lock.lock();
						try {
							// 回话重建等异常行为
							zkClient = new ZooKeeper(Constants.connectString, 10000, dw, true);
							System.out.println("Reconnected success!...");
						} catch (Exception e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
							i++;
							// 惰性延迟,每失败一次,多休眠100ms
							Thread.sleep(2000 + i * 100);
						} finally {
							lock.unlock();
						}
						continue;
					}

					if (zkClient.getState().isConnected()) {
						// 休眠,为了避免client网络“大规模”故障时,同时访问zk带来的性能波动
						Thread.sleep(1000 + r.nextInt(6000));
						dump();
						i = 0;// reset
					}
				}
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				System.out.println("Exit...");
				if (zkClient != null) {
					try {
						zkClient.close();
					} catch (Exception ze) {
						ze.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}

	}

}

 

 

 

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