1:安装MySQL。
[root@sample ~]# yum -y install mysql-server ← 安装MySQL
2:配置MySQL
[root@sample ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
old_passwords=1 ← 找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set = utf8 ← 添加这一行
然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句:
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
新版本中:
character-set-server=utf8
('--default-character-set' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--character-set-server' instead.)
3:设置MySQL服务自启动
[root@sample ~]# chkconfig mysqld on ← 设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动
[root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld ← 确认MySQL自启动
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ← 如果2--5为on的状态就OK
[root@sample ~]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start ← 启动MySQL服务
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Starting MySQL: [ OK ]
4:MySQL初始环境设定
[1]为MySQL的root用户设置密码
MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候,它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
a)用root用户登录MySQL服务器
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root ← 用root用户登录MySQL服务器
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
b)查看用户信息
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
| root | localhost | | ← root密码为空
| root | sample.centospub.com | | ← root密码为空
| | sample.centospub.com | |
| | localhost | |
|root | % |XXX |
| | | |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
c)设置root密码
mysql> ('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set password for root@'sample.centospub.com'=password('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)只有设置了这个才可以,才可以通过数据库来安装网址
d)让任何ip都可以通过用户root登录
mysql> set password for root@'%'=password('xxx'); ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
| root | % | 19b68057189b027f | ← root密码被设置
| root | sample.centospub.com | 19b68057189b027f | ← root密码被设置
| | sample.centospub.com | |
| | localhost | |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
e) 测试
然后,测试一下root密码有没有生效。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root ← 通过空密码用root登录
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com ← 通过空密码用root登录
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
[root@sample ~]#mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com -p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 6 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
5: 删除匿名用户
在MySQL刚刚被安装后,存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患,将匿名用户删除。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+----------------------------+
| user | host |
+------+----------------------------+
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | sample.centospub.com |
| root | sample.centospub.com |
+------+----------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=''; ← 删除匿名用户
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.17 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息
+------+----------------------------+
| user | host |
+------+----------------------------+
| root | localhost |
| root | sample.centospub.com |
+------+----------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye
好了,下面都不是必须的了!
测试MySQL
6:为mysql添加用户与授权
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码
a)新增用户
#新增test用户,用于测试所用; 使得guest用户具有查看所有数据库权限。 并可以通过任何网络进来
grant select on *.* to test@'%' identified by 'XXXXX';
#新增product用户,用于生产环境所用; 使得product用户完全操作制定数据库CURD权限。但是只能内网访问
grant select,insert,update,delete on test.* to product@'192.168.%' identified by 'XXXXX';
#新增admin用户,管理员所用;使得admin拥有所有的访问权限。并可以通过任何网络进来
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'XXXXX' WITH GRANT OPTION;
使之立即生效
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
7:删除测试用过的遗留用户。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 通过密码用root登录
mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from centospub@localhost; ← 取消centospub用户对数据库的操作权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='centospub' and host='localhost'; ← 删除centospub用户
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub'; ← 查找用户centospub,确认已删除与否
Empty set (0.01 sec) ← 确认centospub用户已不存在
mysql> flush privileges; ← 刷新,使以上操作生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
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