java之socket编程之谈

    <span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">一篇不错的介绍</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">?Socket编程的文章事实上网络编程简单的理解就是两台计算机相互通讯数据而已。对于程序员而言，去掌握一种编程接口并使用一种编程模型相对就会显得简单的多了。</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">?SDK提供一些相对简单的Api来完成这些工作，Socket就是其中之一。?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">对于</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">而言。这些Api存在与Java.net这个包里面。因此只要导入这个包就可以准备网络编程了。网络编程的基本模型就是客户机到服务器模型。简单的说就是两个进程之间相互通讯，然后其中一个必须提供一个固定的位置，而另一个则只需要知道这个固定的位置，并去建立两者之间的联系。然后完成数据的通讯就可以了。这里提供固定位置的通常称为服务器，而建立联系的通常叫做客户端。基于这个简单的模型，就可以进入网络编程。?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">对这个模型的支持有很多种Api。而这里我只想介绍有关Socket的编程接口。对于</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">而言已经简化了Socket的编程接口。首先我们来讨论有关提供固定位置的服务方是如何建立的。</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">提供了ServerSocket来对其进行支持。事实上当你创建该类的一个实力对象并提供一个端口资源你就建立了一个固定位置可以让其他计算机来访问你。?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">ServerSocket server=new?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">ServerSocket(6789);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">这里稍微要注意的是端口的分配必须是唯一的。因为端口是为了唯一标识每台计算机唯一服务的。另外端口号是从0~65535之间的，前1024个端口已经被Tcp/Ip 作为保留端口，因此你所分配的端口只能是1024个之后的。?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">好了。我们有了固定位置。现在所需要的就是一根连接线了。该连接线由客户方首先提出要求。因此</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">同样提供了一个Socket对象来对其进行支持。只要客户方创建一个Socket的实例对象进行支持就可以了。?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">Socket client=new</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost()，5678);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">客户机必须知道有关服务器的IP地址。对于着一点</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">也提供了一个相关的类InetAddress 该对象的实例必须通过它的静态方法来提供。它的静态方法主要提供了得到本机IP 和通过名字或IP直接得到InetAddress的方法。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">好了，上面的方法基本可以建立一条连线让两台计算机相互交流了。可是数据是如何传输的呢?事实上I/O操作总是和网络编程息息相关的。因为底层的网络是继续数据的。除非远程调用，处理问题的核心在执行上。?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">否则数据的交互还是依赖于IO操作的。所以你也必须导入</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">。io这个包。</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">的IO操作也不复杂。它提供了针对于字节流和Unicode的读者和写者，然后也提供了一个缓冲用于数据的读写。</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">BufferedReader in=new?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">(server.getInputStream()));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">PrintWriter out=new?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">PrintWriter(server.getOutputStream());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">上面两句就是建立缓冲并把原始的字节流转变为Unicode可以操作。而原始的字节流来源于Socket的两个方法，getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方，分别用来得到输入和输出。那么现在有了基本的模型和基本的操作工具，我们可以做一个简单的Socket例程了服务方:?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">import?</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">。io。*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">import?</span><span class="c_tx4" style="color: #fe6600 !important; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Java</span><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">。net。*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">public class MyServer?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　ServerSocket server=new ServerSocket(5678);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　Socket client=server.accept();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　while(true)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　String str=in.readLine();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　System.out.println(str);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　out.println("has receive...");</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　out.flush();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　if(str.equals("end"))</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　break;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　client.close();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　}?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">这个程序的主要目的在于服务器不断接收客户机所写入的信息只到。客户机发送"End"字符串就退出程序。并且服务器也会做出"Receive"为回应。告知客户机已接收到消息。客户机代码:?</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">import Java.net.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">import Java.io.*;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">public class Client{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　static Socket server;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　server=new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost()，5678);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(server。getInputStream()));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(server.getOutputStream());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　BufferedReader wt=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　while(true)</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　String str=wt.readLine();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　out.println(str);</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　out.flush();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　if(str.equals("end"))</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　{</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 break;</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　　　　　System.out.println(in.readLine());</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　　　　　server.close();</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">　　　　}</span><br style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;"><span style="color: #545454; font-family: tahoma; line-height: 20px; background-color: #f3f8fb;">}</span>