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unix shell学习笔记1

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Table of Contents

1.      Shell简介

1.1         Shell种类

1.2         Shell 对比

1.3         详细特性比较 

1.4         shell初始文件

1.  Shell简介

1.1      Shell种类

·         C shell

·         TC shell

·         Bourne shell

·         Bash shell

·         Korn shell

其中,C shell TC shell依照C语言的语法,而Bourne shell 是基于老式的编程语言Algol, Bash shell Korn shell 起源于Bourne shell,但也可以看作是Bourne shell and C shell 的结合。

1.2       Shell 对比

项目

C

TC

Boume

bash

Korn

别名

高级模式匹配

命令行编辑

目录栈

文件名补全

[*]

函数

历史

作业控制

键绑定

格式化提示符

拼写纠正

 

1.3      详细特性比较

特性

C/TC

Bourne

bash

Korn

shell结构

shbang

#!/bin/csh

#!/bin/tcsh

/bin/sh

#!/bin/bash

#!/bin/ksh

注释

# this is comment

# this is comment

# this is comment

# this is comment

变量

局部变量赋值

set x=5

x=5

x=5

x=5

环境变量

setenv VAR value

NAME=’Bob’

export NAME

export NAME=’Bob’

export NAME=’Bob’

访问变量

echo $NAME

echo $NAME

echo $NAME

echo $NAME print $NAME

字符个数

echo $%var

N/A

${#var}

${#var}

进程PID

$$

$$

$$

$$

退出状态

$status,$?

$?

$?

$?

前一个后台作业

$!(tcsh only)

$!

$!

$!

数组

给数组赋值

set x=( a b c )

N/A

y[0]=’a’;y[1]=’b’

y[0]=’a’;y[1]=’b’

访问数组元素

echo $x[1]

N/A

echo ${y[0]}

print ${y[0]}

I/O

读取输入

set var=$<

read var

read var

read var

算术

执行计算

@var = 5 + 1

var=`expre 5 + 1`

(( n = 5+ 5))

(( n = 5+ 5))

初始化文件

登录时执行

.login

.profile

.bash_profile

.profile

每次调用shell

.cshrc

N/A

.bashrc

.kshrc

编程结构

if条件语句

if(exp) then

  commands

endif

 

if{ ( command ) } then

        commands

endif

if[ exp ] then

  commands

fi

 

if command then

     commands

fi

if[[ string exp ]] then

  commands

fi

if((numeric exp))

then

        commands

fi

if[[ string exp ]] then

  commands

fi

if((numeric exp))

then

        commands

fi

goto

goto label

N/A

N/A

N/A

switch/case

switch(“$value”)

case pattern1:

       commands

       breaksw

case pattern2:

       commands

       breaksw

default:

       commands

       breaksw

endsw

case “$value” in

pattern1)

       commands

       ;;

pattern2)

       commands

       ;;

*) commands

       ;;

esac

case “$value” in

pattern1)

       commands

       ;;

pattern2)

       commands

       ;;

*) commands

       ;;

esac

case “$value” in

pattern1)

       commands

       ;;

pattern2)

       commands

       ;;

*) commands

       ;;

esac

while

while(expression)

commands

end

while command

do

     command

done

while command

do

     command

done

while command

do

     command

done

for/foreach

foreach var(list)

commands

end

for var in list

do

commands

done

for var in list

do

commands

done

for var in list

do

commands

done

until

 

N/A

until command

do

    commands

done

until command

do

    commands

done

until command

do

    commands

done

repeat

repeat 3 “echo hello”

hello

hello

hello

N/A

N/A

N/A

select

N/A

N/A

select var in list

do

     commands

done

select var in list

do

     commands

done

函数

 

N/A

fun()

{commands ;}

fun

fun parm1 param2….

function fun()

{commands ;}

function fun{commands;}

fun

fun parm1 param2….

function fun()

{commands ;}

function fun{commands;}

fun

fun parm1 param2….

(待续)

 

 

 

 

 

1.4       shell初始文件

1.4.1 B shell

B shell只适用一个初始化执行文件,为.profile,一般位于用户的home目录下,用来设置用户的环境,当用户注册或在命令行
启动B shell时,即读.profile文件,一般通过它来设置用户查找路径和其他环境变量。

1.4.2 C shell

 

C shell则不同于B shell,它使用两个初始化文件,用于设置用户的环境变量,为:.login和.cshrc,位于home目录
登录时,C shell读取.login;启动C shell时,只读.cshrc文件。

1.4.3 Korn shell 

//TODO

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