鉴于C#不经常使用,一下子搞个进度条貌似比较难,而且其他的开发任务也在一并进行,所以,昨天一天,并没有多大的进展。
今天,是周末,正好可以利用,在查阅了大量网上资料以及实例后,我制作了几个实例,以备后来之用。
使用C#显示进度条,涉及到多线程编程,我只探索了使用BackgroundWorker和Thread的方法,下面分别列出。
第一种:使用BackgroundWorker进行进度条控制
BackgroundWorker对象有三个主要的事件:
DoWork - 当BackgroundWorker对象的多线程操作被执行时触发。
RunWokerCompleted - 当BackgroundWoker对象的多线程操作完成时触发。
ProgressChanged - 当BackgroundWorker对象的多线程操作状态改变时触发。
WorkerReportsProgress - 如果想让BackgroundWorker对象以异步的方式报告线程实时进度,必须将该属性的值设为true。
BackgroundWorker对象的ReportProgress方法用于向主线程返回后台线程执行的实时进度。
实例代码一,控制主窗体中的进度条显示
- publicpartialclassForm1:Form
- {
- ///<summary>
- ///后台线程
- ///</summary>
- privateBackgroundWorkerbkWorker=newBackgroundWorker();
- ///<summary>
- ///步进值
- ///</summary>
- privateintpercentValue=0;
- publicForm1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- bkWorker.WorkerReportsProgress=true;
- bkWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation=true;
- bkWorker.DoWork+=newDoWorkEventHandler(DoWork);
- bkWorker.ProgressChanged+=newProgressChangedEventHandler(ProgessChanged);
- bkWorker.RunWorkerCompleted+=newRunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(CompleteWork);
- }
- privatevoidbtnStart_Click(objectsender,EventArgse)
- {
- percentValue=10;
- this.progressBar1.Maximum=1000;
- //执行后台操作
- bkWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
- }
- publicvoidDoWork(objectsender,DoWorkEventArgse)
- {
- //事件处理,指定处理函数
- e.Result=ProcessProgress(bkWorker,e);
- }
- publicvoidProgessChanged(objectsender,ProgressChangedEventArgse)
- {
- //bkWorker.ReportProgress会调用到这里,此处可以进行自定义报告方式
- this.progressBar1.Value=e.ProgressPercentage;
- intpercent=(int)(e.ProgressPercentage/percentValue);
- this.label1.Text="处理进度:"+Convert.ToString(percent)+"%";
- }
- publicvoidCompleteWork(objectsender,RunWorkerCompletedEventArgse)
- {
- this.label1.Text="处理完毕!";
- }
- privateintProcessProgress(objectsender,DoWorkEventArgse)
- {
- for(inti=0;i<=1000;i++)
- {
- if(bkWorker.CancellationPending)
- {
- e.Cancel=true;
- return-1;
- }
- else
- {
- //状态报告
- bkWorker.ReportProgress(i);
- //等待,用于UI刷新界面,很重要
- System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
- }
- }
- return-1;
- }
- }
public partial class Form1 : Form { /// <summary> /// 后台线程 /// </summary> private BackgroundWorker bkWorker = new BackgroundWorker(); /// <summary> /// 步进值 /// </summary> private int percentValue = 0; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); bkWorker.WorkerReportsProgress = true; bkWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; bkWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(DoWork); bkWorker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(ProgessChanged); bkWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(CompleteWork); } private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { percentValue = 10; this.progressBar1.Maximum = 1000; // 执行后台操作 bkWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); } public void DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { // 事件处理,指定处理函数 e.Result = ProcessProgress(bkWorker, e); } public void ProgessChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { // bkWorker.ReportProgress 会调用到这里,此处可以进行自定义报告方式 this.progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage; int percent = (int)(e.ProgressPercentage / percentValue); this.label1.Text = "处理进度:" + Convert.ToString(percent) + "%"; } public void CompleteWork(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { this.label1.Text = "处理完毕!"; } private int ProcessProgress(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { for (int i = 0; i <= 1000; i++) { if (bkWorker.CancellationPending) { e.Cancel = true; return -1; } else { // 状态报告 bkWorker.ReportProgress(i); // 等待,用于UI刷新界面,很重要 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1); } } return -1; } }
下面是运行结果
实例代码二,控制弹出窗体中的进度条显示
主窗体代码:
- publicpartialclassForm1:Form
- {
- privateBackgroundWorkerbkWorker=newBackgroundWorker();
- privateForm2notifyForm=newForm2();
- publicForm1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- //使用BackgroundWorker时不能在工作线程中访问UI线程部分,
- //即你不能在BackgroundWorker的事件和方法中操作UI,否则会抛跨线程操作无效的异常
- //添加下列语句可以避免异常。
- CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls=false;
- bkWorker.WorkerReportsProgress=true;
- bkWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation=true;
- bkWorker.DoWork+=newDoWorkEventHandler(DoWork);
- bkWorker.ProgressChanged+=newProgressChangedEventHandler(ProgessChanged);
- bkWorker.RunWorkerCompleted+=newRunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(CompleteWork);
- }
- privatevoidbtnStart_Click(objectsender,EventArgse)
- {
- notifyForm.StartPosition=FormStartPosition.CenterParent;
- bkWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
- notifyForm.ShowDialog();
- }
- publicvoidDoWork(objectsender,DoWorkEventArgse)
- {
- //事件处理,指定处理函数
- e.Result=ProcessProgress(bkWorker,e);
- }
- publicvoidProgessChanged(objectsender,ProgressChangedEventArgse)
- {
- //bkWorker.ReportProgress会调用到这里,此处可以进行自定义报告方式
- notifyForm.SetNotifyInfo(e.ProgressPercentage,"处理进度:"+Convert.ToString(e.ProgressPercentage)+"%");
- }
- publicvoidCompleteWork(objectsender,RunWorkerCompletedEventArgse)
- {
- notifyForm.Close();
- MessageBox.Show("处理完毕!");
- }
- privateintProcessProgress(objectsender,DoWorkEventArgse)
- {
- for(inti=0;i<=1000;i++)
- {
- if(bkWorker.CancellationPending)
- {
- e.Cancel=true;
- return-1;
- }
- else
- {
- //状态报告
- bkWorker.ReportProgress(i/10);
- //等待,用于UI刷新界面,很重要
- System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);
- }
- }
- return-1;
- }
- }
public partial class Form1 : Form { private BackgroundWorker bkWorker = new BackgroundWorker(); private Form2 notifyForm = new Form2(); public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); // 使用BackgroundWorker时不能在工作线程中访问UI线程部分, // 即你不能在BackgroundWorker的事件和方法中操作UI,否则会抛跨线程操作无效的异常 // 添加下列语句可以避免异常。 CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false; bkWorker.WorkerReportsProgress = true; bkWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; bkWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(DoWork); bkWorker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(ProgessChanged); bkWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(CompleteWork); } private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { notifyForm.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterParent; bkWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); notifyForm.ShowDialog(); } public void DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { // 事件处理,指定处理函数 e.Result = ProcessProgress(bkWorker, e); } public void ProgessChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { // bkWorker.ReportProgress 会调用到这里,此处可以进行自定义报告方式 notifyForm.SetNotifyInfo(e.ProgressPercentage, "处理进度:" + Convert.ToString(e.ProgressPercentage) + "%"); } public void CompleteWork(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { notifyForm.Close(); MessageBox.Show("处理完毕!"); } private int ProcessProgress(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { for (int i = 0; i <= 1000; i++) { if (bkWorker.CancellationPending) { e.Cancel = true; return -1; } else { // 状态报告 bkWorker.ReportProgress(i / 10); // 等待,用于UI刷新界面,很重要 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1); } } return -1; } }
子窗体代码
- publicpartialclassForm2:Form
- {
- publicForm2()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- publicvoidSetNotifyInfo(intpercent,stringmessage)
- {
- this.label1.Text=message;
- this.progressBar1.Value=percent;
- }
- }
public partial class Form2 : Form { public Form2() { InitializeComponent(); } public void SetNotifyInfo(int percent, string message) { this.label1.Text = message; this.progressBar1.Value = percent; } }
下面是运行结果
第二种,使用Thread来实现
使用Thread实现,虽然步骤上比较麻烦,但是调用流程比较简单,也是一种可以参考的方法
使用时,首先要定义代理以及函数,然后实现线程函数,在线程函数中调用代理,最后启动线程,传入线程函数。
下面是实例代码:
- publicpartialclassForm1:Form
- {
- privateForm2progressForm=newForm2();
- //代理定义,可以在Invoke时传入相应的参数
- privatedelegatevoidfunHandle(intnValue);
- privatefunHandlemyHandle=null;
- publicForm1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- privatevoidbtnStart_Click(objectsender,EventArgse)
- {
- //启动线程
- System.Threading.Threadthread=newSystem.Threading.Thread(newSystem.Threading.ThreadStart(ThreadFun));
- thread.Start();
- }
- ///<summary>
- ///线程函数中调用的函数
- ///</summary>
- privatevoidShowProgressBar()
- {
- myHandle=newfunHandle(progressForm.SetProgressValue);
- progressForm.ShowDialog();
- }
- ///<summary>
- ///线程函数,用于处理调用
- ///</summary>
- privatevoidThreadFun()
- {
- MethodInvokermi=newMethodInvoker(ShowProgressBar);
- this.BeginInvoke(mi);
- System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);//sleeptoshowwindow
- for(inti=0;i<1000;++i)
- {
- System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5);
- //这里直接调用代理
- this.Invoke(this.myHandle,newobject[]{(i/10)});
- }
- }
- }
public partial class Form1 : Form { private Form2 progressForm = new Form2(); // 代理定义,可以在Invoke时传入相应的参数 private delegate void funHandle(int nValue); private funHandle myHandle = null; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 启动线程 System.Threading.Thread thread = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(ThreadFun)); thread.Start(); } /// <summary> /// 线程函数中调用的函数 /// </summary> private void ShowProgressBar() { myHandle = new funHandle(progressForm.SetProgressValue); progressForm.ShowDialog(); } /// <summary> /// 线程函数,用于处理调用 /// </summary> private void ThreadFun() { MethodInvoker mi = new MethodInvoker(ShowProgressBar); this.BeginInvoke(mi); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); // sleep to show window for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) { System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5); // 这里直接调用代理 this.Invoke(this.myHandle, new object[] { (i / 10) }); } } }
子窗体代码
- publicpartialclassForm2:Form
- {
- publicForm2()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- publicvoidSetProgressValue(intvalue)
- {
- this.progressBar1.Value=value;
- this.label1.Text="Progress:"+value.ToString()+"%";
- //这里关闭,比较好,呵呵!
- if(value==this.progressBar1.Maximum-1)this.Close();
- }
- }
public partial class Form2 : Form { public Form2() { InitializeComponent(); } public void SetProgressValue(int value) { this.progressBar1.Value = value; this.label1.Text = "Progress :" + value.ToString() + "%"; // 这里关闭,比较好,呵呵! if (value == this.progressBar1.Maximum - 1) this.Close(); } }
下面是运行结果图
参考资料
1. C#进度条实现实例 { http://www.csharpwin.com/csharpspace/6546r2922.shtml }
2. 使用BackgroundWorker方便地实现多线程进度条!{ http://www.coderblog.in/2011/03/backgroundworker-for-progreessbar.html }
3. 多线程:C#.NET中使用BackgroundWorker在模态对话框中显示进度条 { http://www.mysjtu.com/page/M0/S536/536907.html }
4. C#进度条在弹出窗口中显示的实现 { http://wenku.baidu.com/view/9f9d89d2240c844769eaeeff.html }
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