MongoDB 索引

1.使用ensureIndex添加索引
ensureIndex函数帮助文档
db.blog.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object with th
ese possible fields: name, unique, dropDups
name：指定索引名称
unique:是否唯一索引
dropDups：是否删除重复
创建索引的缺点：每次插入、更新、删除时都会产生额外的开销，要尽可能少创建索引。每个集合默认的最大索引个数为64个。
如果没有对应的键，索引会将其作为null存储，所以，如果对某个建立了唯一索引，但插入了多个缺少该索引键的文档，则由于文档包含null值而导致插入失败。
例子
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0c9387a7fee4eb6bfa9"), "name" : "wilian", "age" : 23, "
sex" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0e5387a7fee4eb6bfaa"), "name" : "rcsd", "age" : 25, "se
x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0f4387a7fee4eb6bfab"), "name" : "sds", "age" : 25, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d100387a7fee4eb6bfac"), "name" : "qff", "age" : 25, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d110387a7fee4eb6bfad"), "name" : "qff", "age" : 23, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d11b387a7fee4eb6bfae"), "name" : "ssf", "age" : 23, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d121387a7fee4eb6bfaf"), "name" : "qwwf", "age" : 23, "se
x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d12b387a7fee4eb6bfb0"), "name" : "ttwf", "age" : 23, "se
x" : "male" }
> db.users.ensureIndex({"name":1,"age":-1},{"name":"userIndex"})
//1，-1代表索引方向
//查找索引
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "v" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d1d0387a7fee4eb6bfb1"), "ns" : "blog.users", "key" : { "
name" : 1, "age" : -1 }, "name" : "userIndex", "v" : 0 }
2.使用explain()监控索引使用情况
> db.users.find({"name":"qff","age":23}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor userIndex",//没有使用索引时为BasicCursor,索引存储在B树结构中，所以使用查询时候会使用BtreeCursor类型的游标，userIndex为使用索引的名称
        "nscanned" : 1,//查找了多少个文档
        "nscannedObjects" : 1,
        "n" : 1,//返回文档的数量
        "millis" : 50,//数据库执行查询时间
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "indexBounds" : {
                "name" : [
                        [
                                "qff",
                                "qff"
                        ]
                ],
                "age" : [
                        [
                                23,
                                23
                        ]
                ]
        }
}
3.使用hint强制使用某个索引
> db.users.find({"age":23,"name":/.*/}).hint({"name":1,"age":-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d110387a7fee4eb6bfad"), "name" : "qff", "age" : 23, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d121387a7fee4eb6bfaf"), "name" : "qwwf", "age" : 23, "se
x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d11b387a7fee4eb6bfae"), "name" : "ssf", "age" : 23, "sex
" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d12b387a7fee4eb6bfb0"), "name" : "ttwf", "age" : 23, "se
x" : "male" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4fc6d0c9387a7fee4eb6bfa9"), "name" : "wilian", "age" : 23, "
sex" : "male" }
MongoDB的查询优化器非常智能，会替你选择该用哪个索引，多数情况下不需要指定的。