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HTTP Response Header Fields

 
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当浏览器发送了HTTP请求之后,服务器就会通过一个HTTP response来响应这个请求。http header请求完成之后,你的浏览器可能会收到如下的HTTP响应:

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Sat, 28 Nov 2009 04:36:25 GMT
Server: LiteSpeed
Connection: close
X-Powered-By: W3 Total Cache/0.8
Pragma: public
Expires: Sat, 28 Nov 2009 05:36:25 GMT
Etag: "pub1259380237;gz"
Cache-Control: max-age=3600, public
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Last-Modified: Sat, 28 Nov 2009 03:50:37 GMT
X-Pingback: http://net.tutsplus.com/xmlrpc.php
Content-Encoding: gzip
Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie, User-Agent
<!-- ... rest of the html ... -->

第一行呢被称为“Status Line”,它之后就是http headers,空行完了就开始输出内容了(在这个案例中是一些html输出)。

但你查看页面源代码却不能看到HTTP headers,虽然它们同你能看到的东西一起被传送至浏览器了。

 

第一个有价值的信息就是协议。目前服务器都会使用 HTTP/1.x 或者 HTTP/1.1。

接下来一个简短的信息代表状态。代码200意味着我们的请求已经发送成功了,服务器将会返回给我们所请求的文档,在头部信息之后。

 

general-header = Cache-Control 

|  Connection 
| Date 
| Pragma 
| Trailer 
| Transfer-Encoding 
| Upgrade 
| Via 
| Warning 


response-header = Accept-Ranges          
                       | Age                    
                       | ETag                   
                       | Location               
                       | Proxy-Authenticate     
                        | Retry-After           
                       | Server                 
                       | Vary                   
                       | WWW-Authenticate       

 

Header

解释

示例

Accept-Ranges

表明服务器是否支持指定范围请求及哪种类型的分段请求

Accept-Ranges: bytes

Age

从原始服务器到代理缓存形成的估算时间(以秒计,非负)

Age: 12

Cache-Control

告诉所有的缓存机制是否可以缓存及哪种类型

Cache-Control: no-cache

Date

原始服务器消息发出的时间

Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2010 08:12:31 GMT

ETag

请求变量的实体标签的当前值

ETag: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”

Pragma

包括实现特定的指令,它可应用到响应链上的任何接收方

Pragma: no-cache

Proxy-Authenticate

它指出认证方案和可应用到代理的该URL上的参数

Proxy-Authenticate: Basic

Retry-After

如果实体暂时不可取,通知客户端在指定时间之后再次尝试

Retry-After: 120

Server

web服务器软件名称

Server: Apache/1.3.27 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux)

Trailer

指出头域在分块传输编码的尾部存在

Trailer: Max-Forwards

Transfer-Encoding

文件传输编码

Transfer-Encoding:chunked

Vary

告诉下游代理是使用缓存响应还是从原始服务器请求

Vary: *

Via

告知代理客户端响应是通过哪里发送的

Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 nowhere.com (Apache/1.1)

Warning

警告实体可能存在的问题

Warning: 199 Miscellaneous warning

WWW-Authenticate

表明客户端请求实体应该使用的授权方案

WWW-Authenticate: Basic

Location

用来重定向接收方到非请求URL的位置来完成请求或标识新的资源

Location: http://www.zcmhi.com/archives/94.html

Upgrade

向服务器指定某种传输协议以便服务器进行转换(如果支持)

Upgrade: HTTP/2.0, SHTTP/1.3, IRC/6.9, RTA/x11

Connection

表示是否需要持久连接。(HTTP 1.1默认进行持久连接)

Connection: close

 

 更多详细信息请参阅 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html

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