原文：http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1425647692009.html （Jenkins+PMD构建自动化静态代码检测）
前言：软件缺陷是不可避免的，要尽量减少错误并提高软件质量，主要有两在类技术，即缺陷预防和缺陷检测
缺陷预防包括编写更好的设计规范、实施代码审核制度、运行代码静态分析工具、运行单元测试等
PMD是一种开源分析Java代码的工具，通过静态分析获知代码错误，该工具可以做到检查Java代码中是否含有未使用的变量、是否含有空的抓取块、是否含有不必要的对象等等
因此Jenkins+PMD构建自动化静态代码检测是很有必要的
PMD下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pmd/
下载后解压即可
PMD主要可以通过ant脚本来执行，编写ant的build文件，这里新建的为如buildPMD.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="pmd" default="pmd" basedir=".">
<property environment="env">
<property name="ExampleProject.location" value="../ExampleProject">
<!-- 定义pmd的classpath，均为下载的pmd包解压后lib目录下的jar包-->
<path id="pmd.classpath">
<pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/asm-3.2.jar">
<pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/jaxen-1.1.1.jar">
<pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/junit-4.4.jar">
<pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/pmd-5.0.4.jar">
<!--
<fileset dir="${basedir}/lib/">
<include name="**/*.jar">
-->
</include></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></path>
<target depends="pmd_html" name="pmd">
<taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath">
<!-- 定义代码检测规则，这里直接列出规则imports.xml和java-unusedcode规则，本例注释了，使用下面一种在另一文件中定义规则集-->
<!--
<pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode">
-->
<!-- 定义PMD检测规则所在的文件，规则集在pmdrule.xml文件中定义-->
<pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8">
<!-- 输出XML格式的报告-->
<formatter type="html" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true">
<!-- 静态代码检测ExampleProject工程下src目录下的所有java文件-->
<fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src">
<include name="**/*.java">
</include></fileset>
</formatter></pmd>
</taskdef></target>
<target name="pmd_html">
<taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath">
<!--
<pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode">
-->
<pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8">
<!-- 输出HTML格式的报告-->
<formatter type="xml" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true">
<fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src">
<include name="**/*.java">
</include></fileset>
</formatter></pmd>
</taskdef></target>
</project>
本文中定义了两个target，分别生成了XML和HTML格式的报告，因为在Jenkins中的分析插件需要用XML格式才能生成视图报告，而XML格式对于团队来说不直观，不宜发送邮件，因此生成两份报告，一份用于Jenkins分析，一份发送邮件用于团队成员直接查看
编写好buildPMD.xml，直接使用ant -f buildPMD.xml即可在CMD命令或Linux shell下执行PMD静态代码检测
在Jenkins中新建个任务，Build项Add build step中选择“Execute Shell”，输入ant -f buildPMD.xml即可
附：pmdrule.xml
[xml] view plaincopy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ruleset xmlns="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="pmdrule" xsi:schemalocation="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0 http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset_2_0_0.xsd">
<description>PMD Plugin preferences rule set</description>
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AbstractNaming">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AddEmptyString">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AppendCharacterWithChar">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/sunsecure.xml/ArrayIsStoredDirectly">
<rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AssignmentInOperand">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AssignmentInOperand">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AssignmentToNonFinalStatic">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AtLeastOneConstructor">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidAccessibilityAlteration">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidArrayLoops">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidAssertAsIdentifier">
<rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/AvoidAxisNavigation">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidBranchingStatementAsLastInLoop">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/AvoidCallingFinalize">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingGenericException">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingNPE">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingThrowable">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidConstantsInterface">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidDecimalLiteralsInBigDecimalConstructor">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidDollarSigns">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidDuplicateLiterals">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidEnumAsIdentifier">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidFieldNameMatchingMethodName">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidFieldNameMatchingTypeName">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidFinalLocalVariable">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidInstantiatingObjectsInLoops">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidMultipleUnaryOperators">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidPrefixingMethodParameters">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-java.xml/AvoidPrintStackTrace">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidProtectedFieldInFinalClass">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidReassigningParameters">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidRethrowingException">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidStringBufferField">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidSynchronizedAtMethodLevel">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidThreadGroup">
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<rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AvoidTrailingComma">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidUsingHardCodedIP">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidUsingNativeCode">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/BadComparison">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/javabeans.xml/BeanMembersShouldSerialize">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/BigIntegerInstantiation">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/BooleanInversion">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/ByteInstantiation">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml/CallSuperFirst">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/CallSuperInConstructor">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml/CallSuperLast">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/CheckResultSet">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/CheckSkipResult">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/ClassCastExceptionWithToArray">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/ClassNamingConventions">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/clone.xml/CloneMethodMustImplementCloneable">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/clone.xml/CloneThrowsCloneNotSupportedException">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/CloseResource">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/CollapsibleIfStatements">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/comments.xml/CommentContent">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/comments.xml/CommentRequired">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/comments.xml/CommentSize">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/CompareObjectsWithEquals">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/ConfusingTernary">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/ConsecutiveLiteralAppends">
<rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/ConsistentReturn">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/ConstructorCallsOverridableMethod">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/coupling.xml/CouplingBetweenObjects">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/codesize.xml/CyclomaticComplexity">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/DataflowAnomalyAnalysis">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/DefaultLabelNotLastInSwitchStmt">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/DefaultPackage">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/DoNotCallGarbageCollectionExplicitly">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/DoNotCallSystemExit">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/DoNotExtendJavaLangError">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml/DoNotHardCodeSDCard">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/DoNotThrowExceptionInFinally">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/j2ee.xml/DoNotUseThreads">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DontCallThreadRun">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml/DontImportJavaLang">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/DontImportSun">
<rule ref="rulesets/jsp/basic-jsf.xml/DontNestJsfInJstlIteration">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DontUseFloatTypeForLoopIndices">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/DoubleCheckedLocking">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml/DuplicateImports">
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<rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/UseStringBufferForStringAppends">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UseStringBufferLength">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/UseVarargs">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOperationOnImmutable">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessOverridingMethod">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessOverridingMethod">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/unnecessary.xml/UselessParentheses">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/UselessParentheses">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/UselessStringValueOf">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/VariableNamingConventions">
<rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces">
<rule ref="rulesets/java/braces.xml/WhileLoopsMustUseBraces">
关于PMD rulesets规则的意思可以查看：http://pmd.sourceforge.net/pmd-5.0.4/rules/index.html
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